南京地区成年女性衰老过程中各部位骨密度的变化

目的 探讨南京地区成年女性骨质疏松的患病情况，及衰老过程中各部位骨密度的变化。方法 对南京地区成年女性，20-29岁，共计388人，均排除继发性骨质疏松症，运用双能X线骨密度仪，对所有患者进行腰椎及髋部骨密度测定。结果 1.南京地区成年女性，骨量正常者占33.5%，骨量低下者占48.5%，骨质疏松者占18%；其中绝经前成年女性骨量正常者占52.7%，骨量低下者占47.3%，无骨质疏松患者；绝经后女性骨量正常者占12%，骨量低下者占49.7%，骨质疏松患者占38.3%；2. 20~39岁年轻女性，随年龄增加，各部位骨密度均无明显下降；但自40岁开始至49岁，股骨颈骨密度首先开始下降，而此时腰椎及总髋部骨密度无明显变化；到50岁开始，各部位骨密度均明显下降；其中50~69岁时，腰椎骨密度T值与股骨颈骨密度T值之间的差异消失，但均低于总髋部骨密度T值。结论 1.南京地区年轻女性骨量低下者患病率较高，随年龄增加，绝经后女性骨量低下者进一步增多，且骨质疏松患病率高达38.3%；2.在女性50岁前，股骨颈骨密度下降最早，诊断骨质疏松最敏感，而50岁后，腰椎骨密度与股骨颈骨密度均明显下降，诊断骨质疏松同样敏感。

Age-related changes of bone mineral density at various skeletal sites in Nanjing adult females

Objective To explore the prevalence of osteoporosis in Nanjing adult females, and the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) at various skeletal sites during ageing. Methods BMD of the lumbar spine and the hip was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 388 adult females in Nanjing, aging from 20 to 29 years old. The secondary osteoporosis was excluded. Results The percentage of normal bone mass, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in Nanjing adult females was 33.5%, 48.5%, and 18%, respectively. In premenopausal women, the percentage was 52.7%, 47.3%, and 0, respectively. In postmenopausal women, the percentage was 12%, 49.7%, and 38.3%, respectively. There was no age-related change of BMD at all skeletal sites in females aging from 20 to 39 years. BMD of the femoral neck but not the spine and the hip decreased from age of 40 to 49 years. BMD decreased gradually at all skeletal sites from age of 50 years. The T score of BMD in the lumbar vertebrae and the femoral neck was lower than that in the totel hip in females aging from 50 to 69 years Conclusion The incidence of osteopenia in Nanjing young females is high, and become higher during aging. The incidence of osteoporosis is up to 38.3%. BMD of the femoral neck decreases first and is most sensitive in diagnosis of osteoporosis in females younger than 50 years old. However in females older than 50 years old, BMD of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck both decreases most obviously, and the sensitivity in diagnosis of osteoporosis are same.