云南农村汉族与白族2型糖尿病患者自我管理现状的对比研究

目的 对比分析云南农村汉族与白族2型糖尿病患者的自我管理现状。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取5003名≥35岁的农村汉族和白族居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果 汉族2型糖尿病的患病率（16.3%）和治疗率（89.2%）均高于白族（7.8% 和79.5%，P <0.05），而白族的知晓率（74.5%）和控制率（49.3%）高于汉族（47.5% 和 35.6%，P <0.05）；汉族2型糖尿病患者的遵医嘱服药率（86.1%）和采取降糖措施率（100.0%）均高于白族（80.1%和95.2%，P <0.05）,而自我监测血糖率差异无统计学意义（55.2% 和55.5%，P >0.05）；在2型糖尿病患者近2周采取的降糖措施中，汉族与白族均以控制饮食为主（95.4%和89.7%），其中汉族2型糖尿病患者增加锻炼的比率高于白族（82.0%和69.2%，P <0.05）。结论 云南农村汉族与白族2型糖尿病患者的自我管理水平总体处于较低水平，且2型糖尿病的患病率和自我管理行为存在明显的民族差异。

Comparative study of self-management of type 2 diabetes between Han majority and Bai ethnic minority in rural areas,Yunnan Province

Objective To compareand analyze self-management of type 2 diabetes between Han majority and Bai ethnic minority in rural areas of Yunnan Province. Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 5003 rural residents whose age were35 years or over 35 years from Han majority and Bai ethnic minority. Each participant received questionnaire survey and physical examination. Results Hanmajority had higher prevalence and treatment rate of type 2 diabetes(16.3% and 89.2%) than Bai ethnic minority(7.8% and 79.5%, P<0.05), whereas Bai had higher awareness and control rate of type 2 diabetes(74.5% and 49.3%) than Han(47.5% and 35.6%, P<0.05). Among participants with type 2 diabetes, rates of compliance to prescribed medicines and taking at least one measure to control blood glucose were higher in Han(86.1% and 100.0%) than in Bai(80.1% and 95.2%, P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in rate of self-monitoring blood glucose(55.2% and 55.5%, P>0.05) between two nationalities. Controlling diet was the most popular form of taking measures to control type 2 diabetes in the past two weeks for both Han and Bai patients with type 2 diabetes(95.4% and 89.7%), and Han patients had higher rate of increase exercise to control type 2 diabetes than Bai patients(82.0% and 69.2%, P<0.05).Conclusion The finding indicates low levels of self-management among Han and Bai patients with type 2 diabetes in rural Yunnan Province. Further, the data reveals significant ethnic differences in prevalence and self-management of type 2 diabetes.