基于潜在类别分析的养老机构老年人营养知识及态度与膳食指南符合率的关联性研究

目的 了解养老机构老年人营养知识和态度的潜在类别及其与膳食指南符合率之间关系，为养老机构老年人的营养分类管理提供研究基础。方法 采用便利取样法，对宁夏3所养老机构350名老年人进行营养知识、态度和膳食摄入情况问卷调查。采用潜在类别分析法对研究对象的营养知识及态度进行分类，比较不同营养知识及态度类别间膳食指南符合率的差异。结果 养老机构老年人营养知识可分为营养知识一般（38.98%）和营养知识缺乏（61.02%）两个潜在类别；营养态度可分为营养态度积极（45.86%）、营养态度一般（27.28%）和营养态度消极（26.86%）三个潜在类别。养老机构老年人谷类、薯类、蔬菜类、蛋类及奶类食物的膳食指南符合率在不同营养知识类别中存在差异（x2=44.49，20.80，10.51，8.35，15.66，均P<0.05）；谷类、粗杂粮、水产类、蛋类及奶类食物膳食指南符合率在不营养态度类别中存在差异（x2=30.95，14.23，24.07，14.40，18.33，均P<0.05）。结论 养老机构老年人营养知识及态度欠佳，膳食指南符合率较低，应对不同营养知识及态度类别的老年人提供有针对性的精细化指导。

Correlation between the nutritional knowledge and attitude and coincidence rate of dietary guidelines of the aged in elderly care institutions based on latent class analysis

Objective To explore the potential categories of nutritional knowledge and attitudes of the elderly and their relationship with the dietary guidelines compliance rate,and to provide a research basis for the nutrition classification management of elderly in elderly care institutions. Methods The convenient sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey in the elderly care institutions and collect nutritional knowledge,attitude and dietary intake. Using Latent Class Analysis to cluster nutrition knowledge and attitudes,and compare the dietary intake of the elderly of different nutrition knowledge and attitude categories with the dietary guidelines recommendation. Results The nutritional knowledge of the elderly in nursing homes can be divided into two potential categories: general nutritional knowledge( 38. 98%) and lack of nutritional knowledge( 61. 02%). Nutritional attitude can be divided into positive nutritional attitude( 45. 86%),average nutritional attitude( 27. 28%) and negative nutritional attitudes( 26. 86%). The intake of cereals,potatoes,vegetables,eggs and milk are different in the two nutritional knowledge categories( χ2= 44. 49,20. 80,10. 51,8. 35,15. 66,P < 0. 05); The intake of cereals,coarse grains,aquatic products,eggs and milk are different in the three nutritional attitude categories( χ2=30. 95,14. 23,24. 07,14. 40,18. 33,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The elderly in nursing homes have poor nutritional knowledge and attitudes,and the compliance rate of dietary guidelines is low. Therefore,targeted and refined guidance should be provided to elderly people with different nutritional knowledge and attitude categories.