956例中老年居民膳食模式与骨密度水平的相关研究

目的 探讨不同膳食模式与中老年人骨密度水平的关系，为骨质疏松症的营养防控提供参考。方法 纳入乌鲁木齐市45岁及以上居民956人，用食物频率问卷进行膳食调查并用因子分析法提取膳食模式，使用超声骨密度仪测定骨密度，分析膳食模式与骨密度水平的关系。结果 本次调查获得4种膳食模式:相对均衡模式，油盐模式，奶类及薯类模式，水产类模式；人群骨质疏松症患病率21.7%；高水平相对均衡模式（OR = 0.588，95% CI = 0.363～0.951）和高水平奶类及薯类模式（OR = 0.668，95% CI = 0.370～0.983)与骨质疏松症低风险相关。结论 均衡饮食及高奶类与薯类的膳食模式摄入与较低的骨质疏松患病率有关；建议中老年居民应均衡膳食，多摄入奶制品及薯类，保护骨骼健康。

Relationship between dietary pattern and bone mineral density of 956 middle-aged and older residents

Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between different dietary patterns and the level of bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly people, and to provide references for the nutritional prevention of osteoporosis. Methods A total of 956 residents aged 45 and over in Urumqi were enrolled. Dietary surveys were conducted using food frequency questionnaires. Bone mineral density was measured by ultrasound bone densitometer. Dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and bone density levels. Results Four dietary patterns were obtained in this survey: relatively balanced pattern, oil-salt pattern, milk and tuber pattern, and aquatic pattern. The prevalence of osteoporosis in the population was 21.7%. The high -level relatively balanced pattern (OR=0.588, 95%CI=0.363-0.951) and high-level milk and tuber patterns (OR=0.668, 95%CI=0.370-0.983) were associated with a low risk of osteoporosis. Conclusion A balanced diet and high milk and tuber dietary intake are associated with a lower prevalence of osteoporosis. It is recommended that middle -aged and elderly residents should have a balanced diet and have more dairy products and potatoes to protect bone health.