湘西州土家族与苗族初中生健康危险行为多发特点及影响因素分析

目的 了解湘西州土家族与苗族初中生健康危险行为的多发特点及影响因素，为制定防控措施提供建议。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样法从湘西州8所中学抽取1642名土家族与苗族初中生进行问卷调查，使用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析。 结果 湘西州土家族与苗族初中生人均发生2.9种健康危险行为；与发生1种健康危险行为的学生相比发生4种及以上危险行为的学生饮酒（45.0倍）、自杀意念（22.6倍）、吸烟（20.0倍）发生率增幅最大；logistic回归分析显示，以发生0～1种健康危险行为学生为对照组，发生2～3种危险行为的危险因素有男生（OR=1.759，95%CI:1.366～2.265）、住宿（OR=1.390,95%CI:1.040～1.859），发生4种及以上危险行为的危险因素有男生（OR=2.713,95%CI:2.090～3.522）、父亲学历为小学及以下（OR=1.668,95%CI:1.056～2.632）、其他家庭类型（OR=2.082,95%CI:1.122～3.863），发生4种及以上危险行为的保护因素有初二年级（OR=0.680,95%CI:0.495～0.933）、母亲学历为初中（OR=0.550,95%CI:0.323～0.937）、母亲学历为小学及以下（OR=0.438,95%CI:0.255～0.753）（P值均＜0.05）。 结论 湘西州土家族与苗族初中生健康危险行为多发现象普遍存在，饮酒、自杀意念、吸烟是标志性行为，多发的影响因素来自个体、学校、家庭层面，应针对重点人群制定防控措施，引导其形成健康的行为方式。

The multiple characteristics and influencing factors of health risk behaviors among Tujia and Miao junior high school students in Xiangxi Prefecture

Abstract: Objective To understand the characteristics and influencing factors of the multiple health risk behaviors of Tujia and Miao junior high school students in Xiangxi Prefecture， and to provide reference for the formulation of prevention and treatment measures. Methods Using multi － stage stratified random cluster sampling method，1 642 junior middle school students of Tujia and Miao nationality were selected from 8 middle schools in Xiangxi Prefecture for questionnaire survey， and SPSS 25. 0 was used for statistical analysis. Results There were 2. 9 kinds of health risk behaviors in Tujia and Miao junior high school students in Xiangxi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. The incidence of alcohol consumption ( 45. 0) ，suicidal ideation ( 22. 6) ，and smoking ( 20. 0) were the highest in students who had 4 or more risky behaviors compared with those who had 1 kind of health risk behavior. Logistic regression analysis showed that boys ( OR = 1. 759，95% CI: 1. 366 ～ 2. 265)and accommodation ( OR = 1. 390，95% CI: 1. 040 ～ 1. 859) were the risk factors for 2 ～ 3 kinds of health risk behaviors， boys( OR = 2. 713，95% CI: 2. 090 ～ 3. 522) ，father’s educational background of primary school or below ( OR = 1. 668，95% CI:1. 056 ～ 2. 632) ，remarriage family ( OR = 2. 082，95% CI: 1. 122 ～ 3. 863) were the risk factors for 4 or more kinds of health risk behaviors， and the protective factors for the occurrence of four or more kinds of risk behaviors were grade 2 of junior high school ( OR = 0. 680，95% CI: 0. 495 ～ 0. 933) ，their mothers had junior high school education ( OR = 0. 550，95% CI: 0. 323 ～0. 937) ，and their mothers had primary school education or below ( OR = 0. 438，95% CI: 0. 255 ～ 0. 753) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) .Conclusion The multiple of health risk behaviors among junior middle school students in rural areas of Xiangxi Prefecture is common.?Drinking， suicidal ideation and smoking are the signs of high － risk behaviors. Most of the influencing factors come from the individual， school and family levels， and prevention measures should be formulated for the key groups to guide them to form healthy behavior patterns.