烟台市售食品黄曲霉毒素污染状况及膳食暴露评估

目的 了解烟台市售食品黄曲霉毒素污染状况及居民膳食来源暴露风险水平。方法 免疫亲和层析高效液相色谱法测定样品中黄曲霉毒素，点评估方法估算人群黄曲霉毒素暴露量。结果 检测的市售食品中AFB1检出率为4.19%（19/453），超标率为0.22%（1/453），均值为0.86 μg/kg。AFB2、AFG1、AFG2和AFM1检出率分别为2.13%（9/423）、1.65%（7/423）、0.95%（4/423）和41.90%（44/105），均值分别为0.29、0.64、0.33和 0.03 μg/kg。食品中存在AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2多重污染情况。AFB1的检出均值占到黄曲霉毒素(AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2)均值总和的47.18%。AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2和AFM1的日膳食暴露量分别为4.326、1.733、3.143、2.423和0.168 ng/（kg·bw·d）。AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2和AFM1的膳食暴露贡献率分别占到总体的36.69%、14.70%、26.65%、20.55%和1.42%。谷类及其制品的膳食暴露贡献最大，食用植物油的贡献次之。结论 AFB1总体检出率和均值均高于AFB2、AFG1和AFG2，是主要的污染品种。谷类及其制品和食用植物油是主要的AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2膳食暴露来源。乳制品是主要的AFM1的膳食暴露来源。烟台市居民AFB1和AFM1膳食暴露导致肝癌发病率为0.101/10万人和0.004/10万人。

Contamination and dietary exposure assessment of aflatoxin in food samples of Yantai city

To assess the contamination and dietary exposure levels of aflatoxins in food sold in Yantai city. Methods Aflatoxins in the samples were determined by the immuno -affinity column clean -up plus UPLC. The aflatoxins dietary exposure was estimated by point assessment method. Results The total detection rate of AFB1 was 4.19% (19/453), the total exceeding standard rate was 0.22%(1/453), and the mean value was 0.86 μg/kg. The total detection rates of AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1 were 2.13% (9/423), 1.65% (7/423), 0.95% (4/423), and 41.90% (44/105), respectively. The mean values were 0.29 μg/kg, 0.64 μg/kg, 0.33 μg/kg, and 0.03 μg/kg, respectively. Multiple contaminations of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were detected in food sample. The mean value of AFB1 accounted for 47.18% of the sum of those of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2. The EDI of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1 was 4.326 ng/kg·bw·d, 1.733 ng/kg·bw·d, 3.143 ng/kg·bw·d, 2.423 ng/kg·bw·d, and 0.167 ng/kg·bw·d, respectively. The dietary exposure contribution of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1 accounted for 36.69%, 14.70%, 26.65%, 20.55%, and 1.42%, respectively. Cereal and its products contributed the biggest share to dietary exposure, followed by edible vegetable oil. Conclusion The overall detection rate and mean value of AFB1 are higher than those of AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, making AFB1 the major contamination type. Cereal and its products and edible vegetable oils are the main sources of dietary exposure to AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. Dairy products are the major source of dietary exposure to AFM1. The contribution of dietary exposure of AFB1 and AFM1 to the incidence of liver cancer in Yantai was 0.101/100 000 and 0.004/100 000.