天津市电焊烟尘接触人群分布特征及肺功能异常情况分析

目的 了解天津市电焊烟尘接触人群分布特征及肺功能异常情况，为指导和实施干预措施提供科学依据。方法 通过天津市重点职业病监测，收集2019年天津市电焊烟尘接触人群分布特征和肺通气功能检查资料，χ2检验比较不同分组间肺功能指标的差别。结果 天津市电焊烟尘接触人群以18～40岁男性为主，接触工龄多数在10年以下，主要分布在远郊辖区及滨海新区，以外商经济和私有经济为主，大型企业、汽车制造业人数最多。肺功能检查指标FVC%、FEV1%和FEV1/FVC异常率分别为1.27%、1.88%和1.42%，三项指标异常率均随年龄增长和接触工龄延长呈上升趋势（χ2 = 3.432，χ2 = 3.439，χ2 = 3.112，χ2 = 7.501，χ2 = 10.449，χ2 = 12.851，P＜0.001），不具有性别差异；不同行业间肺功能指标异常率差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 369.743，χ2 = 439.315，χ2 = 724.460，P＜0.001），石油和天然气开采业FEV1 / FVC 异常率达11.77%。结论 通过开展重点职业病监测工作，初步掌握重点职业病危害电焊烟尘接触人群的分布特征及不同因素间肺功能指标异常情况，找出应关注的重点行业和重点人群，为实施精准职业病防控措施提供依据。

Distribution characteristics and abnormal lung function of workers exposed to welding fumes in Tianjin

To understand the distribution characteristics and abnormal lung function status of workers exposed towelding fumes in Tianjin, and to provide scientific basis for guiding and implementing interventions. Methods Through themonitoring of key occupational diseases in Tianjin, the distribution characteristics and pulmonary ventilation function testdata of the people exposed to electric welding fumes in Tianjin in 2019 were collected, and the differences in pulmonaryfunction were compared among groups with chi-square test. Results The population exposed to welding fume in Tianjin wasmainly males aged 18 to 40 years old, with exposed duration less than 10 years. The exposed population was mainlydistributed in distant suburban jurisdictions and Binhai New Area, with foreign and private economies, large enterprises, andthe largest number of people in the automobile manufacturing industry. The abnormal rates of pulmonary functionexamination indexes FVC%, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were 1.27%, 1.88% and 1.42%, respectively, and the abnormal rates ofall three indexes showed an increasing trend with older age and longer years of exposure (χ2=3.432, χ2=3.439, χ2=3.112, χ2=7.501, χ2=10.449, χ2=12.851, P <0.001), with no gender differences. The differences in the abnormal rates of pulmonaryfunction indicators between industries were statistically significant (χ2=369.743, χ2=439.315, χ2=724.460, P<0.001), and theabnormal rate of FEV1/FVC in the oil and gas extraction industry reached 11.77%. Conclusion Through the monitoring ofkey occupational diseases, we grasped the distribution characteristics of the population exposed to welding fume as a keyoccupational disease hazard and the abnormalities of lung function indicators among different factors, and identified keyindustries and key populations that should be paid attention to, so as to provide a basis for implementing precise occupationaldisease prevention and control measures.