我国独居老人自评健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的 了解影响我国独居老人自评健康状况的影响因素，为改善我国独居老人健康及生活质量提供参考依据。方法 通过自评问卷调查方法，采用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）数据，了解独居老人健康状况，采用卡方检验以及多因素logistic 回归方法分析独居老人健康状况的影响因素。结果 1236名独居老年人中，自评健康较好的有551人，占比44.6%，较差的685人，占比55.4%；子女经常看望（OR =1.840,95%CI:1.080~3.135)、体育锻炼（OR =1.813,95%CI:1.385~2.372)、饮酒（OR =1.531,95%CI:1.061~2.209）、体检（OR =1.347,95%CI:1.033~1.756）、慢性病(OR =0.682,95%CI:0.532~0.875)、霉味(OR =0.533,95%CI:0.391~0.726)、睡眠6~9小时（OR =0.528,95%CI:0.393~0.710）、睡眠时间>9小时（OR =0.411,95%CI:0.283~0.597）与独居老人自评健康有关。结论 我国独居老人自评健康状况总体较差。应重视独居老人的子女关怀、生活行为方式、居住环境及慢性病状况等，更好地改善独居老人的健康状况。

Self-rated health status of elderly people living alone in China and its influencing factors

Objective To understand the factors influencing the self-assessed health status of elderly people living alone in China, and to provide a reference basis for improving the health and life quality of elderly people living alone in China. Methods The self-assessment questionnaire method was used, and the data from the 2018 ChineseLongitudinal HealthyLongevity Survey(CLHLS)wereadopted.The influencing factors of the health status of elderly people living alone were analyzed using the chi-square test and the multi-factor logistic regression method. Results Among 1236 elderly people living alone, 551(44.6%) rated themselves as having good health and 685(55.4%) as having poor health.Children frequently visited(OR=1.840,95%CI:1.080-3.135), physical exercise(OR=1.813,95%CI:1.385-2.372), alcohol consumption(OR=1.531,95%CI:1.061-2.209), physical examination(OR=1.347,95%CI:1.033-1.756), chronic disease(OR=0.682,95%CI:0.532-0.875), musty odor(OR=0.533,95%CI:0.391-0.726), sleep 6-9 hours(OR=0.528,95%CI:0.393-0.710), and sleep >9 hours(OR=0.411,95%CI:0.283-0.597) were associated with self-rated health of elderly people living alone. Conclusion The overall self-rated health status of elderly living alone in China is poor. Attention should be paid to child care, lifestyle behaviors, living environment and chronic disease status of the elderly living alone to improve the health status of the elderly living alone.