成都市城乡居民高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率及控制率分析

目的 了解成都市城乡居民高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率及控制率情况，为高血压防治提供科学依据。方法 2016年8月—2017年2月采用整群随机抽样的方法，对成都市城市及农村社区≥18岁的5 022例居民进行问卷调查及体格检查。结果 成都市城乡居民高血压标化患病率为27.7%。城市高于农村（32.3% vs24.0%，P＜0.001）；男性高于女性（37.7% vs20.0%，P＜0.001）。高血压知晓率、治疗率及控制率分别为64.2%、44.5%、17.7%。城市居民知晓率（68.1％ vs57.7％,P＜0.001）、治疗率（50.5％ vs 33.3％,P＜0.001）、控制率（21.9％ vs 9.7％,P＜0.001）均高于农村居民。男性的知晓率（62.3％ vs 66.6％,P＜0.001）、治疗率（38.2％ vs 50.5％,P＜0.001）、控制率（14.1％vs 21.0％,P＜0.001）均低于女性。logistic多因素分析显示城市居民的危险因素包括，男性（OR = 1.358)、年龄增高（30～39岁:OR = 3.288；40～49岁:OR = 4.641；50～59岁:OR = 8.558；60～69岁:OR = 9.650；70～79岁:OR = 13.330 ；≥80岁:OR = 15.474）、超重（OR = 1.535）、肥胖(OR = 2.459)、高血压家族史(OR = 3.935) 、中心性肥胖(OR = 1.235)、糖尿病(OR = 2.186) 、血脂异常(OR = 1.283)、饮酒(OR = 1.592)。农村居民危险因素包括男性（OR = 1.549）、年龄增高（30～39岁:OR = 4.161；40～49岁:OR = 8.365；50～59岁:OR = 19.122；60～69岁:OR = 25.146；70～79岁:OR = 34.495；≥80岁:OR = 57.136）、超重（OR = 1.980）、肥胖(OR = 3.281)、高血压家族史(OR = 2.837)、年均收入＞20 000元(OR = 2.081)。结论 成都市城乡居民高血压患病率高，而知晓率、治疗率及控制率低。应针对城乡居民差异，采取不同的高血压防控措施。

Prevalence,awareness, treatment and control rate of hypertension among urban and rural residents in Chengdu

To understand the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension in urban and rural residents of Chengdu, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Methods From August2016 to February 2017, questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted among 5 022 residents over 18 years old in urban and rural communities of Chengdu using cluster random sampling. Results The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension in urban and rural residents in Chengdu was 27.7%. The standardized prevalence rate of urban residents was higher than that of rural residents(32.3% vs 24.0%, P<0.001). The standardized prevalence of hypertension in males was higher than that in females(37.7% vs 20.0%, P<0.001). The awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of hypertension in Chengdu urban and rural residents were 64.2%, 44.5% and 17.7%, respectively. The awareness rate(68.1% vs57.7%, P<0.001), treatment rate(50.5% vs33.3%, P<0.001), control rate(21.9% vs 9.7%, P<0.001) of urban residents were higher than those of rural residents. Men’s awareness rate(62.3% vs 66.6%, P<0.001), treatment rate(38.2% vs 50.5%, P< 0.001), control rate(14.1% vs 21.0%, P<0.001) were lower than women’s. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that male(OR=1.358),increased age(30-39 years: OR=3.288; 40-49 years: OR=4.641; 50-59 years: OR=8.558; 60-69 years: OR= 9.650; 70-79 years: OR=13.330; ≥ 80 years: OR=15.474), overweight(OR=1.535), obesity(OR=2.459), family history of hypertension(OR=3.935), central obesity(OR=1.235), diabetes(OR=2.186), dyslipidemia(OR=1.283), drinking(OR=1.592). The risk factors of rural residents included male(OR=1.549), increased age(30-39 years: OR=4.161, 40-49 years: OR=8.365, 50-59 years : OR=19.122; 60-69 years: OR=25.146; 70-79 years: OR=34.495; ≥80 years: OR=57.136), overweight(OR=1.980),obesity(OR=3.281), family history of hypertension(OR=2.837), annual income >20 000 yuan(OR=2.081). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in Chengdu is high, but the awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate are low. Tailored prevention and control measures should be taken according to the differences between urban and rural residents.