小学生家长亲职教育技能现况及需求评估

目的：了解小学生家长亲职教育技能的现况及需求，并对其影响因素进行探索。方法：采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，对山西省某市1 394名城乡小学生家长进行一般人口学特征、亲职教育技能（parenting scale）、亲职教育需求评估、亲子互动态度问卷（parent-to-child interaction attitudes）、社会支持度、童年期受虐经历等方面的横断面调查。结果：目前小学生家长亲职教育技能的获取途径，除“电视/电影/广播”外， 农村家长对其余各种途径的利用率均低于城市家长，城乡家长对亲职教育有较高的需求度。家长童年期躯体/情感虐待经历是亲职教育技能的危险因素，家长的积极亲子互动态度和高社会支持度是亲职教育技能的保护因素。母亲、男孩家长、家庭经济状况一般/较差、对亲子互动态度积极的家长，其亲职技能需求度更大。结论：应充分利用大众传媒、人际传播等方式满足家长，尤其是农村家长对亲职教育的需求；亲职教育应将童年期有虐待经历、低社会支持度、消极亲子互动态度的家长作为重点干预人群。

Parenting skills situation and need assessment among parents of primary school pupils

Objective:To investigate parenting skills and need among parents of primary school pupils and to explore influencing factors.Methods: A total of 1 394 parents of rural and urban primary school pupils were recruited by multistage stratified random clustered sampling method.They were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire regarding demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds,parenting scale,parenting need assessment,parent-to-child interaction attitudes,social support,physical/mental maltreatment experiences in childhood and so forth.Results: Apart from TV/film/broadcasting,rural parents’ utilization of other parenting deliveries was less than that of urban parents.Urban and rural parents both had high needs for parenting skills.Parents’ physical/mental maltreatment experiences in childhood were risk factors for dysfunctional parenting.Positive parent-to-child interaction attitudes and high social support were protective factors against dysfunctional parenting.Mothers,parents of boys,middle/low family incomes,and parents with positive parent-to-child interaction attitudes had higher demands for parenting skills.Conclusion: We should make full use of mass media,interpersonal communication to meet the needs of parenting for parents,especially rural parents.More attention should be paid to parents with childhood maltreatment experiences,low social support and less positive parent-to-child interaction attitudes.