玉米须提取物的小鼠急性毒性实验及降血糖作用观察

目的:研究玉米须乙醇及水提取物灌胃给药对小鼠的急性毒性作用,并观察其降血糖作用.方法:改良寇氏法计算玉米须提取物半数致死量(LD50)及其95％可信区间(CI).观察玉米须提取物对正常小鼠、葡萄糖致高血糖模型小鼠、肾上腺素致血糖升高小鼠的降血糖作用.结果:玉米须乙醇提取物LD50=203.106 g/kg(95％ CI 188.665～218.652 g/kg)；水提取物LD50=105.203 g/kg(95％ CI 95.249～116.197 g/kg).玉米须水提取物和乙醇提取物对正常小鼠血糖无影响；乙醇提取物30 g/kg可明显降低葡萄糖导致的小鼠血糖升高(P＜0.01)；水提取物与乙醇提取物30 g/kg可明显降低肾上腺素致小鼠升高的血糖值(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且乙醇提取物可明显升高高血糖小鼠的肝糖原含量(P＜0.01).结论:玉米须水和乙醇提取物为无毒级中药提取物.两种提取物对正常小鼠无降低血糖作用,对高糖和肾上腺素所致的小鼠高血糖有降低作用,同时具有促进糖异生,调节糖代谢的作用.

Study on Acute Toxicity and Hypoglycemic Activity of Stigmata Extractive in Mice

Objective: To study the acute toxicity and the hypoglycemic activity of stigmata maydis extractive in mice. Methods: The LD 50 and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by improved Karber ’ s method. The hypoglycemic activities of stigmata maydis extractive were observed in normal mice, glucose induced hyperglycemia mouse model and adrenaline induced hyperglycemia mouse model. Results: LD 50 of stigmata alcohol extract was 203.106 g/kg(95% CI =188.665-218.652 g/kg). LD 50 of stigmata aqueous extract was 105.203 g/kg(95% CI is 95.249-116.197 g/kg). There was no influence in blood glucose of normal mice using both stigmata alcohol extract and stigmata aqueous extract. Stigmata alcohol extract 30 g/kg de creased the blood sugar in glucose load mice ( P < 0.01). Stigmata alcohol extract and aqueous extract 30 g/kg decreased the blood sugar in the mice injected adrenaline ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The hepatic glycogen was increased by stigmata alcohol extract in hyperglycemia mice ( P < 0.01). Conclusion: Stigmata alcohol extract and aqueous extract were non-poisonous (LD 50 > 50 g/kg), which was no influence on the blood glucose of normal mice. But the two extracts can decrease the blood sugar in mice injected high-glucose or adrenaline, and can promote glyconeogenesis and adjust glycometabolism.