饮水中四氯化碳短期暴露健康风险参考值的验证

目的 针对四氯化碳的饮水短期暴露健康参考值的实验验证工作。方法 雄性SD大鼠分为6组（0、10、20、40、80、160 mg/（kg·d）），每组10只，玉米油作为阴性对照组。受试物组灌胃给予CCl4。染毒开始后24 h、11 d各组取5只大鼠，检测血清中OCT、SDH、ALT、AST、BUN。解剖取肝、肾进行组织病理学检查。结果 染毒24 h后，随着染毒剂量的增加，5项血清学指标均呈不同程度升高。大鼠体重、肝肾重及肝肾脏体比与阴性对照组相比均无明显变化。肝脏组织中观察到在80 mg/（kg·d）开始出现空泡。染毒11 d后，5项血清学指标均随着染毒剂量的增加而升高。各剂量组大鼠体重、肾重、肾脏体比与阴性对照组相比，均无明显变化。肝脏组织中观察到在20 mg/（kg·d）开始出现空泡，40 mg/（kg·d）起与对照组相比差异有统计学意义，随着剂量增加空泡病变严重。结论 本实验方案得出1 d的HA值为4 mg/L，10 d的HA值为1 mg/L，其中1 d的HA值与USEPA的相同，10 d的HA值比USEPA的高。

Verification of the health advisory for short-term exposure to carbon tetrachloride

Objective The aim of this study was to verify the health advisory for short-term exposure to carbon tetrachloride. Methods 60 male SD rats were gavaged with 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg/kg/day of carbon tetrachloride once daily. After dosed for 24 h and 11 days, rats were sacrificed to detect OCT, SDH, ALT, AST, BUN in serum, while liver and kidney of each rat were weighed and collected for pathological examination. Results After dosed for 24 h, 5 enzymatic parameters were increased with different doses dependently. Body weight, liver and kidney weight in rats had no significant change compared to the negative control group. In the liver tissue, vacuoles began to appear at 80 mg/kg. 11 days after exposure, all 5 enzymatic parameters increased with the increase of exposure dose. Compared to the negative control group, there was no significant change in body weight and kidney weight of rats in each dose group. In the liver tissue, it was observed that there was a significant difference in vacuolation at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg compared with the control group. Conclusion From our experiments, the one-day HA was 4 mg/L and ten-day HA was 1 mg/L. One day HA value was the same as USEPA value, while ten-day HA value was higher than the USEPA value.