空巢老年人养老方式选择及影响因素研究——以徐州市为例

目的 探索空巢老年人养老意愿及其影响因素。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,采用自行设计的问卷对徐州市城乡社区60岁及以上的空巢老年人进行入户调查;采用χ2检验与多分类Logistic回归分析老年人养老方式选择的影响因素。结果 调查的1 176位老年人中,选择家庭自我养老、机构养老、社区居家养老的老年人分别占73.5%、11.9%、14.6%;居住在城市、有离退休待遇、配偶健在的倾向于选择家庭自我养老;高学历、独居、身患多种慢性疾病的倾向于选择机构养老;对子女尽孝评价较低的倾向于选择社区居家养老。结论 空巢老年人养老方式选择还是以家庭自我养老为主,应保护和提高空巢老年人自我养老能力,同时根据老年人特征与需求,加强养老机构的分类服务建设,积极寻找社区居家养老存在的问题并加以改进。

Choices of old-age care and influence factors among empty nest elderly,Xuzhou

Objective To investigate the desire for pension modes of the empty nest elderly and explore the influencing factors. Methods The empty nest elderly aged over 60 years old from urban and rural communities in Xuzhou selected through stratified cluster random sampling were investigated by the self-designed questionnaire.Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results People select family support,institution endowment,and community-based home care were accounted for 73.5%,11.9%,14.6%,respectively.The elderly living in the city,having retirement treatment and living spouse tended to choose family endowment.The elderly highly educated,living alone and suffering from various chronic diseases preferred to choose institution endowment.The elderly who give low evaluation for filial piety tended to choose community-based home care. Conclusion Family endowment remains the preferred choice of elderly care.Self-pension ability of the empty nest elderly should be protected and improved.Classification service construction of the pension institutions according to the characteristics,and the need of elderly should be strengthened.The problems existing in the community-based home care should be explored and solved actively.