肇庆市农村地区饮用水健康风险评价

目的 初步评估肇庆市农村地区饮用水部分项目健康风险，为饮用水风险管理和决策提供依据。方法 于2016年对全市农村饮用水铬、砷、镉、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、铅、铜、汞、铁、锌、铝、硒、锰、氰化物、氨氮、氟化物、硝酸盐17个项目进行检测，应用美国环保署推荐的风险评估模型对上述项目通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险进行评价。结果 17个项目通过饮水途径引起的总健康风险为2.92×10-5/年，水中化学致癌物所致的健康风险度大于非致癌物质所致的风险度，占总风险的99.96%。化学致癌物所致健康风险由高至低依次为铬（VI）＞砷＞镉＞四氯化碳＞三氯甲烷，产生的平均个人年风险在2.59×10-5/年 - 3.92×10 - 9/年之间。非化学致癌物所致健康风险由高至低依次为铝＞铜＞氟化物＞铅＞硝酸盐＞锰＞汞、铁＞锌＞硒＞氰化物＞氨氮，产生的平均个人年风险在6.32×10 - 9/年 - 6.52×10 - 12/年之间。结论 肇庆市农村地区饮用水健康总风险低于国家辐射防护委员会推荐的5×10 - 5/年，应把饮用水中致癌物，特别是铬（VI）作为优先管理对象。

Health risk assessment of drinking water in rural areas of Zhaoqing city

Objective To evaluate the health risks of drinking water in rural areas of Zhaoqing city in order to provide basis for drinking water risk management and decision-making. Methods In 2016, a total of 17 items of drinking water in rural areas of the city, such as chromium(VI), arsenic, cadmium, trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, lead, copper, mercury, iron, zinc, aluminum were tested. To apply the risk assessment model recommended by the US environmental protection agency (EPA) to evaluate the health risks caused by drinking water through the above projects. Results The total health risk of drinking water caused by 17 items was 2.92 × 10-5/annual. The health risks caused by chemical carcinogens in water were greater than those caused by non-carcinogenic substances, accounting for 99.96% of the total risks. The order of chemical risk caused by chemical carcinogens from high to low were in the order of chromium(VI)>arsenic>cadmium>carbon tetrachloride>trichloroethane, resulting in an average individual annual risk between 2.59×10-5/annual-3.92×10-9/annual. Non-chemical carcinogens from high to low were in the order of aluminum>copper>fluoride>lead>nitrate>manganese>mercury,iron>zinc>selenium>cyanide>ammonia nitrogen, with the average individual annual risk between 6.32×10-9/annual-6.52×10-12/annual. Conclusion The total risk of drinking water in the rural areas of Zhaoqing city is lower than that recommended by the National Radiation Protection Committee. The carcinogens, especially chromium(VI) should be taken as the priority management target in drinking water.