国产ACYW135流脑多糖疫苗接种不良反应及预防性护理效果观察

目的 分析国产ACYW135流脑多糖疫苗在社区接种儿童中不良反应发生情况,评估预防性护理对不良反应的发生及严重程度的预防效果。方法 选择2015年1月至2017年6月在方松街道社区卫生服务中心接种国产ACYW135流脑多糖疫苗的3~6岁儿童,观察接种疫苗后7天内不良反应发生情况。同时采用实验流行病学方法,将全体儿童按居委会随机分为2组,分别给予预防性护理和常规护理,观察不同组不良反应发生及严重程度,评估预防性护理的效果。结果 8 353名儿童接种国产ACYW135流脑多糖疫苗后,不良反应发生率为3.54%,其中发热反应为2.55%,局部红肿硬结为1.81%,其它异常反应为0.89%。预防性护理组不良反应发生率(2.50%)低于常规护理组(4.64%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);预防性护理组儿童发热、局部红肿硬结反应发生率均低于常规护理组(P＜0.05),同时预防性护理组的不良反应比常规护理组轻。结论 国产ACYW135流脑多糖疫苗的安全性较好,可以在适龄儿童中进行推广接种。同时预防性护理措施可以减少不良反应的发生,减轻不良反应的严重程度。

Adverse reaction and preventive nursing effect of ACYW135 polysaccharide vaccine

Objective To analyze the adverse reaction of ACYW135 polysaccharide vaccine among children aged 3-6 years in Fangsong Sub-district,and to evaluate the preventive effect for adverse reaction alleviation of the preventive nursing. Methods Children aged 3-6 years lived in Fangsong Sub-district who received ACYW135 polysaccharide vaccination during January 2015 and June 2017 were selected as study subjects,and the adverse reactions happened within 7 days after the vaccination were recorded.Experimental epidemiology was applied to divide all children into 2 groups according to their community randomly,and each group was applied with preventive nursing or regular nursing to deal with the potential adverse reactions.The preventive effect for adverse reaction alleviation of the preventive nursing was evaluated by comparing the incidence and severity of adverse reactions among the 2 groups. Results 8353 children were recruited in this study,and the adverse reaction incidence was 3.54%,including 2.55% for fever,1.81% for local redness and swelling and 0.89% for others.Chi-square test indicated that the incidence of adverse reactions (both of fever and redness and swelling) in preventive nursing group was lower than that in normal nursing group (P<0.05),and symptoms were also mild in preventive nursing group as well. Conclusion ACYW135 polysaccharide vaccine is safe which could be broadly used in children with proper age.And preventive nursing could reduce the incidence of adverse reaction and lighten the symptoms as well.