体育活动对青少年内化问题行为的影响及自尊的中介效应研究

目的 探讨体育活动对青少年内化问题行为的直接影响以及自尊在二者关系中的中介效应。方法 采用体育活动等级问卷(PARS - 3)、Achenbach青少年自评量表、Rosenberg自尊量表、少年儿童身体自尊量表对北京市419名中学生进行调查。结果 （1）参加中等和大量体育活动的青少年表现出较高的整体自尊和身体自尊（F = 5.294，P＜0.01；F = 18.134，P＜0.001），较少的退缩行为和焦虑抑郁（F = 10.809，P＜0.001；F = 4.274，P＜0.05）。（2）整体自尊在体育活动和退缩行为间起部分中介效应（β = - 0.112，P＜0.05），身体自尊起完全中介效应（β = - 0.084，P＞0.05）；整体自尊和身体自尊在体育活动和焦虑抑郁间起完全中介作用（β = - 0.052，P＞0.05；β = - 0.017，P＞0.05）。（3）整体自尊和身体自尊在体育活动和内化问题行为间起完全中介作用（β = - 0.023，P＞0.05；β = - 0.006，P＞0.05）。结论 青少年参加适量体育活动会提高自尊，最终降低内化问题行为的发生率。

Effect of physical activity on the internal problems behavior of adolescents: the mediating effect of self-esteem

Objective To explore the direct effects of physical activity on the internal problems behavior of adolescents, and the mediating effects of self-esteem. Methods Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Achenbach adolescent self-rating scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and adolescent physical self-esteem scale have been implemented to conduct a survey, and participants are 419 students selected from several junior middle schools in Beijing. Results 1. Adolescents who participated in a moderate and large amount of physical activities appeared more self-esteemed and body-esteemed（F=5.294, P<0.01; F=18.134, P<0.001）, and showed less anxiety-depression, withdrawal behavior（F=10.809, P<0.001; F=4.274, P<0.05）. 2. self-esteem has partially mediated the relationship between physical activities and withdrawal behavior（β=-0.112，P<0.05）, and body-esteem has a total mediating effect（β=-0.084， P>0.05）; both self-esteem and body-esteem illustrate partially mediating effects between physical activities and anxiety- depression（β=-0.023， P>0.05； β=-0.006， P>0.05）. 3. Both self-esteem and body-esteem illustrate total mediating effects between physical activities and internal problems behavior（β=-0.023， P>0.05； β=-0.006，P >0.05）. Conclusion The possibility of the adolescents to participate in a moderate amount of physical activities will enhance self-esteem, and ultimately reduce the possibility of internal problems behavior.