天门市居民健康素养现状与健康教育需求调查

目的 了解天门市居民健康素养和健康教育需求情况,为政府制定健康相关政策提供科学依据。方法 采用分层多阶段抽样法,在全市784个行政村和42个社区随机抽取15~69岁居民1 652人进行面对面调查。结果 2016年天门市居民健康素养水平为10.41%,其中男性11.16%,女性9.15%,男女性别差异无统计学意义。25~34岁年龄组、大专/本科及以上人群、城区居民素养水平较高,分别为18.00%、21.05%、21.94%。年龄不同、居住环境不同、受教育程度不同,表现在素养水平上差异有统计学意义。主要健康问题素养水平,最高为安全与急救素养(47.46%),最低为慢性病防治素养(5.57%)。调查对象首要的健教需求是慢性病防治知识(55.87%),其次为营养膳食(53.21)和科学就医(51.33%)。结论 天门市居民健康素养水平相对较低,应当提高健康教育与健康促进工作的针对性,加强对农村居民、文化程度较低人群的干预力度。开展经常性的健康教育需求调查,创新健康教育模式和方法。

Health literacy and needs for health education of Tianmen residents

Objective To assess the current situations of health literacy and needs for health education of Tianmen residents,and to provide a scientific reference for the development and evaluation of relevant health policies of the government. Methods Among 784 administrative villages and 42 communities in Tianmen,1 652 residents aged 15-69 years old were surveyed by face-to-face interview. Results The overall rate of health literacy of Tianmen residents in 2016 was 10.41%,with male residents 11.16% and female residents 9.15%.The differences in gender had no statistical significance.High health literacy was identified among residents who were aged 25-34 years old (18.00%),who had the educational levels above junior and regular college (21.05%) and urban residents (21.94%).Differences in ages,living environment and educational level influenced the health literacies of residents.The differences had statistical significance.The highest and lowest of top six issue-related health literacy were safety and first aid (47.46%) and prevention of chronic diseases (5.57%),respectively.The top three needs for health education were the prevention of chronic diseases (55.87%),nutrition diet (53.21%) and scientific medical care (51.33%),respectively. Conclusion Tianmen residents have a low rate of health literacy.Health education and promotion should be developed and extensively implemented,especially for the key population groups like rural residents and people with low educational level.Therefore,we should create a new mode of health education and improve overall health literacy level.