陕西生鲜肉类中重金属污染状况调查及健康风险评估研究

目的 了解陕西省肉类食品中重金属的污染状况及评价其健康风险。方法 根据陕西省食品污染物和有害因素风险监测方案进行样品采集和检测,以食品安全国家标准(GB2762-2012)规定的限量为标准对其重金属含量进行评价,并评估居民经食用肉类所致重金属暴露量,应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对其引起的健康风险进行评估。结果 对770份样品的重金属含量进行测定,其中有6份Cd含量超标、1份Cr含量超标、15份Pb含量超标、1份As含量超标、3份Hg含量超标(镍没有国家限量标准,不做判断);比较5种肉类食品中6种重金属含量,畜禽肾脏中的镉含量较高,为0.148 mg/kg,肝脏中铅含量偏高,为0.079 6mg/kg,水产品中的砷、汞含量明显高于其他类别,甲壳类中铬和镍含量明显较其他类偏高;居民经食用肉类所致重金属的摄入量镉最高,亦在安全级别;铬的平均和偏高健康危害年风险值均大于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值5.0×10-5/年。结论 陕西省少数肉类样品存在超标情况,其余均可安全食用,但对于含重金属较高的甲壳类应避免长期大量食用。铬的个人年风险值高于ICRP推荐的最大可接受值,有必要开展食品中铬形态监测工作。

Dietary exposure and health risk assessment of heavy metals in meat,Shaanxi

Objective To investigate heavy metal contamination of meat,and to assess the health risk of the contamination on local inhabitants. Methods Samples were collected and tested according to the risk monitoring program for food contaminants and harmful factors in Shaanxi province.The content of heavy metals was evaluated according to the limit stipulated by the national standard for food safety(GB2762-2012).Health risks associated with the dietary intake of heavy metals were assessed using USEPA health risk assessment model. Results The heavy metals in 770 samples were examined.The numbers of samples,whose contents of Pb,As,Hg,Ni,Cd,Cr exceeded the national standard limits,were 6,1,15,1,3,respectively.By comparing the contents of 6 heavy metals in 5 kinds of meat food,the cadmium content in kidney was significantly higher than other types,the value of which was 0.148 mg/kg.The content of Pb in liver was 0.0796 mg/kg,higher than the other kinds.The contents of arsenic and mercury in aquatic products were significantly higher than the other food,and the contents of chromium and nickel in crustaceans were significantly higher.The dietary expose dose of Cd was higher than other metals,but it's also at the level of safety.The individual health risk of heavy metal pollution of Cr exceeded the standard(5.0×10-5/a)of International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP). Conclusion There were a few of meat samples exceeding the standard,while the rest was safe to eat.It was should be avoid long-term edible crustaceans for the high concentrations of heavy metals.The individual health risk of chromium is higher than the maximum acceptable value recommended by ICRP,so it is necessary to carry out the monitoring of chromium speciation in food.