特殊教育教师职业压力与职业倦怠的关系:心理资本的中介作用

目的 探讨特殊教育教师职业压力与职业倦怠的关系,以及探讨心理资本在其中的中介作用。方法 采用问卷调查法,对40所特殊教育学校的853名教师进行调查。结果 中级职称教师的职业压力高于高级职称教师,所教学生为感官障碍学生的教师职业压力低于教发展性障碍学生或两者都教的教师,专科及以下学历教师的心理资本水平高于本科及以上学历的教师,高级职称教师的心理资本水平分别高于初级和中级职称教师,男教师的职业倦怠水平低于女教师,专科及以下学历教师的职业倦怠水平低于本科及以上学历的教师,各差异均具有统计学意义。职业压力与职业倦怠呈显著正相关( r =0.565,P<0.001),心理资本与职业压力( r =-0.235,P<0.001)、职业倦怠( r =-0.315,P<0.001)呈显著负相关;心理资本在职业压力和职业倦怠之间具有显著的部分中介效应,解释率为19.7%。结论 特殊教育教师的职业压力越大,其职业倦怠水平越高,心理资本在其中起部分中介作用。

Occupational stress and job burnout in special education teachers:mediating role of psychological capital

Objective To explore the relationship between occupational stress and occupational burnout in special education teachers,and to explore the mediating role of psychological capital in them. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to 853 teachers in 40 special education schools. Results Occupational stress of teachers with the intermediate professional title was higher than that of teachers with the senior professional title.The occupational stress of teachers teaching sensory disabilities was lower than that of teachers teaching students with developmental disabilities or teaching both types.The psychological capital of teachers with a junior college degree or below was higher than that of teachers with bachelor′s degree or above.The psychological capital of teachers with the senior title was higher than teachers that of junior and intermediate title respectively.The occupation burnout of male teachers was lower than that of female teachers,and the occupation burnout of teachers with a junior college degree or below was lower than that of teachers with bachelor′s degree or above.All of these were statistically significant.Occupational stress and occupational burnout were positively related( r =0.565,P<0.001).Psychological capital was negatively related to occupational stress( r =-0.235,P<0.001)and occupational burnout( r =-0.315,P<0.001).Psychological capital had a significant mediating effect between occupational stress and occupational burnout,with an explanatory rate of 19.7%. Conclusion The greater the occupational stress of special education teachers,the higher their levels of burnout,and psychological capital plays a partial mediating role.