头孢米诺等抗菌药物对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及拟杆菌属的体外抗菌活性

目的 比较头孢米诺等抗菌药物对临床分离大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、拟杆菌属的体外抗菌活性.方法 琼脂稀释法测定16种抗菌药物对来自全国15家教学医院的945株大肠埃希菌和588株肺炎克雷伯菌的MIC值以及4种抗菌药物对50株拟杆菌属的MIC值.WHONET 5.4软件进行药敏数据统计分析.结果 1 533株大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中,不产超广谱β内酰胺酶(extended spectrum beta lactamases,ESBLs)和AmpC 628株,837株仅产ESBLs,68株产AmpC.头孢米诺对不产ESBLs或单产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌敏感率均高于90%,其MIC50较头孢美唑低2～4倍,较头孢西丁低8～16倍;MIC90较头孢美唑低2～8倍,较头孢西丁低8～16倍.对单产ESBLs的菌株,头孢米诺体外抗菌活性优于第三、四代头孢菌素、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、氨曲南、左氧氟沙星和阿米卡星,劣于碳青霉烯类药物,活性与哌拉丙林/三唑巴坦相仿.但对产AmpC的菌株,头孢米诺的敏感率低于20%.头孢米诺对拟杆菌属的敏感率为90%,高于头孢美唑(50%～70%)和青霉素(0%),活性与甲硝唑相仿.结论 头孢米诺对产ESBLs及非产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌以及拟杆菌属有良好的体外抗菌活性,提示头孢米诺可为临床治疗此类菌株感染提供一种选择.

In vitro activity of cefminox and comparators against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacteroides species

Objective To compare the in vitro activity of cefminox with other antimicrobial agents against clinical Escherichia coil, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and Bacteroides species. Methods MICs of sixteen antimicrobial agents against 945 Escherichia coli and 588 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 15 teaching hospitals and MICs of four antimicrobial agents against 50 Bacteroides species isolates were determined by agar dilution method. WHONET 5.4 software was used to analyze the data. Results Among 1533 Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 628 isolates produced neither extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) nor AmpC, while 837 isolates produced only ESBLs and 68 isolates produced AmpC enzymes. The susceptibility rate of cefminox against non-ESBLs-producing or ESBLs-producing isolates was above 90%. MIC50 of eefminox was 2-4 fold lower than cefometazole and 8-16 fold lower than cefoxitin. MIC50 of cefminox was 2-8 fold lower than cefometazole and 8-16 fold lower than cefoxitin. Against ESBLs-producing isolates, the in vitro activity of cefminox was superior to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, levofloxacin, amikacin and inferior to carbapenems. Its activity was similar to piperacillin-tazobactam. The susceptibility rate of cefminox against AmpC-producing isolates was less than 20%. The susceptibility rate of cefminox against Bacteroides species was 90%, which was higher than that of cefometazole (50% -70%) and penicillin (0%) and similar to that of metronidazole. Conclusion Cefminox exhibites good activity against ESBLs-producing and non-ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and Bacteroides species, which indicates that cefminox could be one of the options for the treatment of infections caused by these organisms.