空间微重力条件下小型水生闭合生态系统的研究

目的以小球藻和澳洲水泡螺构成二元水生封闭生态系统(closed aquatic ecosystem,CAES),研究微重力对此二元系统运行的影响。方法设定了空间1G对照、地面1G和1．4G(离心机)条件利用遥测方法对搭载于“神舟”2号飞船的CAES系统进行了跟踪,获得微重力及各种对照条件下该系统运行的数据。结果在空间微重力条件下,生产者小球藻的生物量日变化较大,每天的生物量平均值在飞行中表现为递减趋势,而3组对照的生产者生物量日变化较小,2个1G对照组每天的生物量平均值表现为一定的增长后趋于平衡,1．4G实验组没有明显变化。结论微重力实验组和1．4G实验组与1G对照组的差别有可能是由于在改变重力环境下消费者澳洲水泡螺的代谢活动增强和生产者自身的代谢活动变化造成的。

Studies on a Small Closed Aquatic Ecosystem under Space Microgravity

Objective To study the effect of microgravity on the operation of a two-element closed a-quatic ecosystem (CAES) which were established by microalgae (Morella pyrenoidosa) and snail (bulinus Australians). Method Two-element CAES on spacecraft "Shenzhou" 2 was investigated by remote measuring. A group treated with 1 G centrifuge on board and two groups treated with normal gravity (1 G) and overgravity (1.4 G, centrifuged) were designed to be the controls. The data of operation of CAES in microgravity were obtained as well as 1 G and 1.4 G (centrifuged) on the ground. Result It was found that microgravity is the major factor affecting the operation of CAES in space. The change of biomass of the producer during every day in microgravity group is much more than that of the controls. The mean value of biomass of each day decreased, but those of other controls increased for days and then balanced. Conclusion The effect of microgravity on biomass of the producer may be resulted from microgravity by leading to increase of metabolism of the consumer and change of that of the producer.