Multifunctional role of nitric oxide in inflammation.

In response to infection or tissue damage, an array of soluble and lipid mediators as well as cytokines and growth factors cause both immune and nonimmune cells to produce rather large amounts of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide and its oxidation products are toxic and can cause tissue injury. The endocrine system can protect against nitric-oxide-mediated tissue damage by producing corticosteroids, growth factors, and cytokines that are potent inhibitors of nitric oxide production. This review focuses on our current understanding of the role of nitric oxide in the inflammatory response. An emphasis has been placed on the potential for nitric oxide in tissue damage.