体外膜肺氧合在原发性及继发性肺动脉高压肺移植中的应用

目的 探讨体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)在肺移植围手术期应用的方法及疗效.方法 2005年11月至2009年7月,对30例原发性及终末期肺病伴继发性肺动脉高压的患者在肺移植术中应用了ECMO辅助,完成单肺移植18例,不横断胸骨序贯式双肺移植12例.2例患者在术前经股动静脉切开置ECMO管道,分别维持19 d和6 d,术中仍在ECMO支持下进行肺移植;其余患者在麻醉完成后置ECMO管道,开始肺移植术.移植完成后,受者在氧合和血流动力学平稳后撤除ECMO.结果 所有受者均顺利完成移植.27例受者于移植手术结束后顺利撤除ECMO;3例受者术后继续使用ECMO,直至血流动力学稳定,其中2例分别于术后36 h和7 d时顺利撤除,另1例术后用ECMO维持5 d后出现急性肾功能衰竭,术后2周时死于多器官功能衰竭.术后股动静脉切开处伤口感染2例,股动脉血栓形成(中度)1例,经治疗后均好转出院.结论 体外膜肺氧合可安全有效地应用于伴有原发性或继发性肺动脉高压患者的肺移植手术.术中应用ECMO能控制肺动脉高压,同时进行呼吸和循环支持,减少了肺移植手术的并发症.

Lung transplantation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the end stage lung disease with primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension

Objective To discuss the benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) applied in the patients with primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension during the operation of lung transplantation. Methods Thirty cases of end stage lung disease subject to primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension received lung transplantation supported with ECMO between Nov. 2005 and July 2009. The single lung transplantation was performed on 18 cases and bilateral sequential single lung transplantation on 12 cases. ECMO was used in 2 patients as a bridge to the lung transplantation to maintain 19 and 6 days respectively, and ECMO support was given during lung transplantation. ECMO was removed after the transplantation if the oxygenation and hemodynamics were stable, otherwise, ECMO was applied continuously until the situation improved. Results All the operations of these patients were accomplished successfully and the ECMO was removed in 27 patients after the operation immediately. The average time with ECMO was 6. 81 + 0. 95 h, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure after lung transplantation was 31.67 + 8. 42 mmHg. The ECMO was continuously used after lung transplantation in three patients until the hemodynamics was stable, and ECMO in 2 of them was removed at 36th h and 6th day respectively after the operation, and one,receiving postoperative ECMO for 5 days, died of acute renal failure 2 weeks after the operation.Conclusion ECMO can replace CPB safely and effectively in lung transplantations for primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension patients. As a respiratory and circulatory support it can control pulmonary hypertension during operative period and can decrease the complications of lung transplantation.