中药蜘蛛香和缬草类的形态组织学研究

报道了蜘蛛香Valeriana jatamansi Jones、缬草V.officinalis Linn、宽叶缬草V.officinalis Linn.var.latifolia Miq、黑水缬草V.amurensis Smir.ex Kom的生药性状及根茎和根的显微特征。蜘蛛香根茎圆柱状,皮层及髓部无石细胞群和橙皮甙结晶,易与三种缬草的形态组织构造区分,而三种缬草的形态组织相似,较难区分。

MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CHINESE DRUGS"XIE-CAO" AND "ZHI ZHU-XIANG

Xie-Cao" and "Zhi-Zhu-Xiang" have been used since ancient times as sedative, tranquil, and antivirus drugs. The plant origin is Valeriana officinalis Linn., V. jatamamsi Jones, respectively. Besides, there are two other species, viz. V. amurensis Smir. ex Elom., F officinalis Linu. var. latifolia Miq. used as "Xie-Cao" in certain districts of China.In this paper, the morphological and histological characters of crude drugs from the above four Valeriana species are described, compared, and illustrated with drawings. The morphological and histological simillarities and differences found among these species are summarized, and a key for the identification of the crude drugs is provided.Based on histological finding, the rhizome of "Xie-Cao" (including F. officinalis, V. amurensis, V. officinalis var. latifolia) has the following characters: (1) The pith of the rhizome has some scattered groups of sclereids surrounded by suberized cells. (2) Sclereids in cortex occur near the endodecmis. (3) The hesperidin crystals are scattered in some parenchymatous cells of cortex and pith.In "Zhi-Zhu-Xiang" no above characters can be found. Therefore, it is easy to distinguish "Xie-Cao" and "Zhi-Zhu-Xiang".