ELISA法与RFFIT法检测狂犬病疫苗免疫后血清抗体的比较

目的比较狂犬病疫苗免疫后血清抗体酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）与快速免疫荧光灶抑制试验（RFFIT）两种检测方法。方法对93名研究对象采用0、3、7、14和28d程序进行暴露后免疫，分别采用ELISA法与WHO认可的金标法RFFIT法检测免疫DO、D3、D7、D14、D45d的血清抗体。结果免疫DO、D3、D7、D14、D45dELISA法检测抗体阳性率分别为8．6％、11．8％、22．6％、49．6％、86％，RFFIT法检测抗体阳性率分别为0％、0％、22．58％、100％、100％，ELISA法与RFFIT法阳性符合率分别为0％、0％、34.8％、100％、100％；阴性符合率分别为100％、100％、81．4％、0％、0％。结论ELISA法检测狂犬病疫苗免疫后血清抗体，免疫早期DO、D3、D7假阳性率较高，免疫D14、D45则假阴性率较高。建议采用WHO认可的方法做检测。

A Comparative Study on the Anti-Rabies Antibodies by ELISA and RFFIT

Objective To compare the methods of ELISA and RFFIT in detection of antibody against rabies virus. Methods 93 healthy volunteers were inoculated with home-made rabies vaccine prepared from Vero cells. Immunization was performed at day-0, 3 , 7 , 14 and 28. Rate of seroconversion was determined at day-0, 3, 7, 14, and 45 after first dose of vaccination by ELISA and RFFIT methods. Results After the first dose of immunization, the seroconversion rate of IgG, as measured by the ELISA method, at day-0, 3, 7, 14 and 45 was 8.6%, 11.8%, 22.6%, 49.6%, and 86%, respectively. Using the RFFIT method, the seroconversion rate of IgG at day-0, 3, 7, 14 and 45 was 0%, 0%, 22.58%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The positive coincidence rate between the ELISA and RFFIT method at day-0, 3, 7, 14 and 45 was 0%, 0%, 34.8%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The negative coincidence rate was 100%, 100%, 81.4%, 0% and 0%. Conclusion Using the ELISA method, false-positive was noted at day- 0, 3, and 7, while false-negative was note at day-14 and 45 after first dose of vaccination. WHO recommended methods should be used for the detection.