一起诺如病毒性胃肠炎暴发的队列研究

目的调查分析某村一起诺如病毒性胃肠炎暴发的发病原因。方法采用历史性队列研究方法，应用ELISA对标本进行实验室检测。结果该起暴发共报告病例34例，发病与接触腹泻病人（X^2=6．51，P=0．00）、食物暴露于苍蝇（X^2=4．61，P=0．00）及村民暴露于患者呕吐物或粪便1m内（X^2=3．09，P=0．00）有统计学意义上的关联，与饮用水来源（X^2=1．68，P=0．14）没有统计学意义上的关联。在采集的8份肛拭子样本中1份ELISA法检出诺如病毒抗原阳性：4份粪便样本中2份ELISA法检出诺如病毒抗原阳性。结论这是一起由诺如病毒感染所致的急性胃肠炎暴发．密切接触是此次暴发的主要传播途径。

A Historical Cohort Study and An Analysis of An Outbreak of Norwalk Virus

Objective To investigate and analyze the cause of an outbreak of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis in a village. Methods A historical cohort study was conducted and the specimens were analyzed by ELISA method. Results There were 34 patients in this cohort study. The cause of the disease was significantly correlated with the contact with the patients （X^2=6.51 ,P=0.00）, foods exposure to flies （X^2=4.61 ,P=0.00） and exposure to vomit or diarrhea wastes within 1 meter（X^2=3.09,P=0.00）. However, the source of drinking water was not a risk factor （X^2= 1.68,P=0.14）. Among the 8 rectal swabs, 1 was positive for Norwalk viral antigen and the positive rate was 12.5%. Among the 4 fecal samples, 2 were positive for the Norwalk viral antigen and the positive rate was 50%. Conclusion The incident of an acute gastroenteritis was caused by Norwalk virus infection. Closed contact was the major route of transmission of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis.