Echocardiographic visualization of acute myocardial ischemia--in vitro study |
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| Authors: | K Chandrasekaran J F Greenleaf B S Robinson W D Edwards J B Seward A J Tajik |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Biodynamics Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A.;2. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A.;3. Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A.;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;2. Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK;3. District 6, Local Health Authority Roma 2, Rome, Italy;4. Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;5. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, Rome, Italy;6. Department of Psychiatry, Soseikai General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan;7. Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye;8. Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy;9. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy;10. Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;11. WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy;12. Oxford Precision Psychiatry Laboratory, NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK;13. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;1. Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016, India;2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Z.H.College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;1. Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China;2. National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China;3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China;4. Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China;5. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;6. Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center and Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;7. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China;8. Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China;1. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;2. Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;3. Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota |
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| Abstract: | To evaluate whether myocardial texture changes resulting from acute ischemia can be visualized with satisfactory spatial resolution, short axis compound echo images (CEI) (B-scan) were obtained from 12 excised canine hearts in vitro. Seven had myocardial ischemia produced by open chest ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 15-30 min prior to excision. The CEI were constructed by compounding 60 simple linear B-scans. Hearts were sectioned after scanning, and gross morphological changes were recorded. Microscopic comparison between grossly abnormal and normal regions were recorded. The CEI from the ischemic group revealed altered myocardial texture seen as bright coarsely granular echoes in the regions normally perfused by the ligated LAD artery. Corresponding anatomic sections revealed increased redness in these regions. Microscopically these regions revealed interstitial and intercellular edema as compared to the normal regions. Acute myocardial ischemia can be visualized in CEI and these regions have significantly increased backscatter, decreased attenuation, and decreased speed of ultrasound relative to normal regions in the same hearts. Myocardial edema is probably responsible for these changes. |
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