Effect of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on Th1/Th2 Polarization in Lymphocytes |
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Authors: | Takamitsu Mizota MD Chiaki Fujita‐Kambara MD PhD Nemu Matsuya MD Shinji Hamasaki MD PhD Takayasu Fukudome MD PhD Hirofumi Goto MD PhD Shunya Nakane MD PhD Takayuki Kondo MD PhD Hidenori Matsuo MD PhD |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences;2. and;3. Division of Clinical Research and Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Nagasaki Medical Center of Neurology, Kawatana, Nagasaki, Japan. |
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Abstract: | Background: It has become increasingly clear that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have immunomodulatory effects. However, the intake of these fatty acids used in animal studies often greatly exceeds dietary human intake. Whether differences in the composition of fatty acids that are consumed in amounts consistent with normal dietary intake can influence immune function remains uncertain. Methods: We manufactured 3 types of liquid diet, related to modified fatty acid composition (ω‐6/ω‐3 = 0.25, 2.27 and 42.9), but excluding eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, based upon a liquid diet used clinically in humans. We assessed CD3‐stimulated cytokine production of splenocytes in female BALB/c mice (n = 4 per group) fed 1 of 3 liquid diets for 4 weeks. We also measured the cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin in humans at the end of a 4‐week period of consumption of 2 different liquid diets (ω‐6/ω‐3 = 3 and 44). Results: We found that the ratio of interfero ω‐γ (IFN‐γ) / interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) was significantly higher in mice fed theω ‐3 rich diet than in others. In humans, IFN‐γ / IL‐4 was significantly higher after the ω‐3 versus the ω‐6 enhanced diet. Conclusions: Differences in the composition of ω‐3 andω ‐6 PUFAs induces a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance in both mouse and human lymphocytes, even when ingested in normal dietary amounts. An ω‐3 rich diet containing α‐linolenic acid modulates immune function. |
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Keywords: | polyunsaturated fatty acids α ‐linolenic acid T lymphocyte cytokine enteral nutrition |
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