Acute and chronic diuretic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diles in normal rats

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic diuretic effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diles. Methods The ethanolic extract was administered (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) in Wistar rats. In the acute study, rats received drugs orally and urine was collected after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h. The chronic study involved repeated administration of ethanolic extract for 28 days and urine was collected on day 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The parameters were total urine volume, concentration of Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^‐ ions, creatinine in urine and serum. Urine output, electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^‐ ions) and creatinine were determined on day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Key findings The highest dose (400 mg/kg) of the ethanolic extract significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced urine output. Excretion of cations (Na⁺ and K⁺ ions) and anions (Cl^‐ ions) increased significantly with respect to the control (gum acacia 2% dissolved in saline, 10 ml/kg) group. The increase of cations in the urine after treatment with ethanolic extract was dose dependent. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. hirsutus (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and furosemide (10 mg/kg) did not significantly change the concentration of Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^‐ ions in serum. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. hirsutus (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and furosemide (10 mg/kg) increased the excretion of creatinine in urine but with a corresponding decrease in serum. Conclusions It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. hirsutus (400 mg/kg) had significant diuretic effect in rats.