运动对绝经后女性骨密度的影响

目的：观察运动对绝经后女性骨密度的影响。方法：绝经后女性106名分为运动组37例和对照组69例。运动组进行广场舞、爬山、慢跑等运动干预，对照组未进行任何干预。采用双能X线吸收仪测试其全身及各部位骨矿含量（BMC）和骨密度（BMD），并进行比较。结果：运动干预8个月后，运动组全身BMD和BMC值均较干预前及对照组明显增加（P＜0．05），而对照组全身BMD和BMC值均较8个月前下降，但差异无统计学意义。运动组胸椎的BMD、BMC和盆骨的BMC均较干预前及对照组明显增加（P＜0．05），而腰椎的BMD、BMC和盆骨的BMD干预后差异无统计学意义；对照组干预后腰椎、盆骨的BMD、BMC均较8个月前明显下降（P＜0．05），而胸椎的BMD、BMC 8个月前后差异无统计学意义。运动组上肢优势侧BMD、BMC和下肢双侧BMD、BMC均较干预前及对照组明显增加（ P＜0．05），而上肢非优势侧BMD、BMC干预前后差异无统计学意义；对照组上肢非优势侧BMD、BMC均较8个月前及上肢优势侧BMD明显下降（P＜0．05），而上肢优势侧BMC和下肢双侧BMD、BMC 8个月前后差异无统计学意义。结论：常规运动可显著提高绝经后女性胸椎 BM D和BM C ，而只能维持其腰椎和盆骨的BM D、BM C；上下肢、优势侧与非优势侧活动不均衡可影响相关部位 BM D和BM C的变化。

Effect of exercise on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

Objective：To study the effect of exercise on bone in postmenopausal women .Methods ：106 post-menopausal women were divided into exercise group with 37 cases and control group with 69 cases .Exercise group was interfered with square dance ,mountain climbing ,jogging and other exercises ,and control group given no intervention .BMC and BMD were tested by dual energy X-ray and compared between two groups .Results ：After 8-month intervention ,BMD and BMC in exer-cise group were increased significantly as compared with those before 8-month and control group（P〈0 .05） .In exercise group ,BMD and BMC in dorsal vertebra and BMC in pelvis were increased significantly as compared with those before inter-vention and control group（P〈0 .05 for all） ,and there was no significant difference in BMD and BMC of abdominal vertebra and BMD of pelvis .In control group ,BMD and BMC in abdominal vertebra and pelvis were decreased significantly as com-pared with those before 8-month（P〈0 .05） ,but there was no significant difference in BMD and BMC of dorsal vertebra .In exercise group ,BMD and BMC of dominant-side of upper limbs and dual sides of lower limbs were increased significantly as compared with those before intervention and control group （P〈0 .05） ,and those at the non-dominant-side of upper limbs got no statistically significant difference from those before intervention .In control group ,BMD at the dominant-side of upper limbs（P〈0 .05） ,BMD and BMC at the non-dominant-side of upper limbs were decreased significantly as compared with those before 8-month（P〈0 .05） ,while BMC at the dominant-side of upper limbs ,and BMD and BMC at the dual sides of lower limbs got no statistically significant difference from those before 8-month and after 8-month .Conclusion：Regular exer-cises can improve the BMD and BMC of dorsal vertebra in postmenopausal women significantly ,but only maintain the BMD and BMC of abdominal vertebra and pelvis .The imbalance of activities between upper and lower limbs ,a