Augmentation of the rat mandible using guided tissue regeneration

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether it is possible to increase the height of the rat mandible at its inferior border using a bioresorbable membrane adapted to create a secluded space for ingrowth of bone tissue. The experiment was carried out in 18 rats. The mandibular ramus was exposed at both sides. A standardized titanium microimplant was then inserted in the naturally existing curvature at the inferior border of the mandible, serving as a fixed reference and space maker. The mandibular border on one side was covered with a polyhydroxybutyrate bioresorbable membrane, and the contralateral side, serving as control, received no membrane before closure of the wound. The membranes were placed in such a way that a space was created in the curvature between the membrane and the inferior border of the mandible. Macerated jaw specimens representing 6 months of healing demonstrated substantial amounts of bone formation in the curvature of the inferior border of the mandible, resulting in a flattening of the inferior border. Negligible amounts of bone formation had occurred in the control sides. Histological analysis demonstrated that. in 4 of 6 experimental specimens, the space created by the membrane was completely filled with new bone after 6 months of healing, but in some specimens soft tissue seemed to have migrated into the space through ruptures of the membrane or because of poor membrane adaptation at its lateral borders, thereby inhibiting bone formation. Only negligible bone formation had occurred at the control sides. It can be concluded that augmentation of the mandible can be accomplished using a bioresorbable membrane of polyhydroxybutyrate adapted to create a secluded space for ingrowth of bone tissue. but the membrane must be modified regarding its physical properties before clinical use in maxillofacial surgery.