维持性血液透析住院患者临床特征分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析因并发症或合并症住院患者的临床特征，为降低该类患者的住院率和死亡率提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析133例维持性血液透析因各类并发症或合并症住院患者的临床资料，根据性别、年龄、透析龄进行分组，比较组间临床特征差异。结果133例患者中，住院病因前3位分别是感染性疾病、心脑血管疾病和动静脉内瘘失功。≥60岁者心脑血管病、恶性肿瘤发生率及死亡率显著增高。透析龄〉60个月者心脑血管疾病及继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症发生率显著增高。死亡原因前3位分别是肺部感染、心脑血管疾病和恶性肿瘤。结论肺部感染和心脑血管疾病是维持性血液透析患者常见的住院病因及死亡原因；年龄和透析龄可能对心脑血管疾病发生率及死亡率具有一定影响。

Clinical Characteristics of hospitalized patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Objective To Analyze the clinical characteristics in hospitalized patients with maintenance hemodialysis. Method The clinical data from 133 hospitalized patients with maintenance hemodialysis were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into different groups according to sex, age, dialysis initiated age,and the clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results 133 patients were enrolled in the study. The ratio of Male/female was 72/61. The top three causes of hospitalization were infectious diseases （45.11%, to more common lung infection）, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases （ 22.56% ）, arterio-venous fistula dysfunction（ 11.28% ）. The incidence and mortality rate of cardio-cerebral vascular disease and cancer were significantly higher. The patients older than 60 years had higher incidence of cardio-cere- bral vascular disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The top three causes of death were lung infections, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases and malignant neoplasms. Conclusions Pulmonary infection and cardio-cerebral vascular disease are the common causes of hospitalization and death in the hemodialysis patients. Age and dialysis age may be involved in the incidence of cardio-cerebral vascular disease and mortality rate.