血管内超声显像在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病支架置入中的应用

背景:支架扩张不充分以及与操作相关的异常病变形态是支架内再狭窄以及急性、亚急性和慢性支架内血栓形成的重要原因.目的:观察应用血管内超声指导支架置入能否获得更大的支架内管腔面积,能否发现更多与操作相关的并发症.设计、时间及地点:回顾性病例分析,于2004-01/2005-02在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心脏中心进行.对象:选择50 例患者的52 处在血管内超声指导下行支架置入的病变进行分析.入选患者均为自体冠状动脉非弥漫性病变,血管直径≥ 2.5 mm,严重的左主干病变除外.方法:50 例患者的52 处病变在支架置入前后分别用血管造影和血管内超声进行定量和定性分析,并根据血管内超声标准决定支架的直径以及置入的终点.主要观察指标:分析血管造影和血管内超声对支架置入终点判断的差异和最终获得的管腔面积大小的差别.结果:①血管内超声判断的平均支架直径大于血管造影(P=0.011),支架囊的最终峰值压力明显增大(P < 0.001),定量冠状动脉造影测得的支架面积狭窄百分比减小(P =0.044).②首次高压扩张后支架满意率血管造影达96.2%,而血管内超声只有37.7%.③血管内超声指导后最终的球囊压力更高(P < 0.001),获得的管腔直径更大(P < 0.001),管腔面积也更大(P < 0.001),面积狭窄百分比更小(P < 0.001).④所有患者支架的近段和远段血管造影均未发现明显的狭窄.而血管内超声却发现支架近段血管有39 例(75.0%),远段血管有23 例(44.2%)存在动脉粥样硬化斑块.⑤支架置入后非脂质斑块较脂质斑块获得的管腔面积更大(P < 0.001),其中脂质斑块血管面积增大较非脂质斑块小1.30 mm2,斑块压缩程度却增加0.48 mm2.结论:血管内超声能更好地指导支架选择,获得更大的管腔面积,也能更精确地发现操作相关的并发症.

Intravascular ultrasound in stent implantation for coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Stent under-expansion and procedurally related abnormal lesion morphologies (e.g. dissection, thrombus) are associated with stent restenosis and acute, subacute and chronic thrombosis.OBJECTIVE: To explore whether larger post-procedural final minimum stent area can be acquired and more procedurally related complications can be identified in stent implantation guided by intravascular ultrasound.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis was performed at the Heart Center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 2004 and February 2005.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty patients with coronary artery disease with 52 lesions were enrolled in the study and underwent stenting guided by intravascular ultrasound. The patients were characterized as non-diffused lesion with vessel diameter ≥ 2.5 mm. Patients with severe left main lesion were excluded.METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out in 50 patients with 52 lesions before and after stent implantation. The stent diameter and the end-point of therapy were determined by intravascular ultrasound standard.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The differences of end point for stent implantation and the enlargement of lumen area gained by stent implantation were compared between cardioangiography and by intravascular ultrasound.RESULTS: The average stent diameter guided by intravascular ultrasound was larger than by cardioangiography (P=0.011); the peak balloon pressure was higher in intravascular ultrasound group than cardioangiography group (P < 0.001), and area stenosis percentage measured by quantitative coronary angiogram was smaller in intravascular ultrasound group than cardioangiography group (P=0.044). ②Cardioangiography showed success rate was 96.2% and intravascular ultrasound showed the success rate was only 37.7% after first balloon high-pressure dilation. Intravascular ultrasound subgroup analysis showed higher peak balloon pressure (P < 0.001), larger lumen diameter (P < 0.001), larger lumen area (P < 0.001), and smaller area stenosis percentage (P < 0.001). No obvious stenosis was found at the proximal and distal segments of the stent observed by cardioangiography, while atherosclerotic lesions at proximal segment were found in 39 cases (75.0%) and at distal segment were in 23 cases (44.2%) observed by intravascular ultrasound. The lumen area was larger in non-fatty plaque than in fatty plaque after stent implantation (P < 0.001). Compared with non-fatty plaque, the enlargement of vessel area was 1.30 mm2 smaller, while plaque compression was 0.48 mm2 larger. CONCLUSION: Stent implantation guided by intravascular ultrasound can acquire larger final lumen area and identify more procedurally related complications.