肺保护性通气策略在儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用价值

目的 探讨肺保护性通气策略在治疗儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的临床应用价值.方法 对1999年1月至2007年12月上海儿童医学中心PICU收治的43例急性呼吸窘迫综合征患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析.根据机械通气模式的不同分为肺保护性通气组(A组)和传统通气组(B组).A组采用肺保护性通气模式,潮气量6～7 ml/kg,吸气峰压≤30 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.133 kPa),应用相对较高的呼气末正压(PEEP),调节吸人氧分数(FiO2)及PEEP以维持经皮血氧饱和度(SpO2)高于90%.B组采用传统通气模式,潮气量8～12 ml/kg,PEEP 2～6 cm H2O,调节FiO2以维持SpO2高于90%.观察2组潮气量、PEEP、动脉血气、病死率及入PICU 28 d内自主呼吸天数.结果 A组潮气量(7.09±1.66)ml/kg,PEEP(7.15±2.08)cm H2O;B组潮气量(9.82±2.31)ml/kg,PEEP(5.40±1.84)cm H2O;A组潮气量较B组显著降低(P=0.001),PEEP较B组显著升高(P=0.021).A组病死率30.3%,自主呼吸天数(10.88±8.84)d;B组病死率60.0%,自主呼吸天数(8.40±10.86)d;两组在病死率与自主呼吸天数上差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 肺保护性通气策略治疗儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征的效果可能优于传统通气模式,但确定结论尚需进一步进行前瞻性临床研究.

Effect of lung protective-ventilation strategy on outcome of children with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Objective To assess the effect of lung protective ventilation on outcome of children with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Between January 1999 and December 2007,43 children with ARDS were enrolled from PICU of Shanghai Children's Medical Center and assigned to the protective-ventilation group(group A) or the conventional-ventilation group(group B).The patients in group A (from January 2004 to December 2007)received lower tidal volume(6～7 ml/kg) and high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP),and optimal oxygenation was achieved by adjusting FiO2 and PEEP.The patients in group B(from January 1999 to December 2003) received relatively higher tidal volume(8～12 mL/kg) with lower PEEP(2～6 cm H2O),and optimal oxygenation was achieved by adjusting FiO2.Tidal volume,PEEP,arterial blood gas,mortality and the number of ventilator-free days were compared between the two groups.Results Since protective ventilation was adopted after 2004,tidal volume was significantly lower in group A[(7.09±1.66)ml/kg]as compared with that in group B[(9.82±2.31) ml/kg](P=0.001).PEEP was significantly higher in group A[(7.15±2.08) cm H2O]as compared with that of group B[(5.40 + 1.84) cm H2O](P=0.021).The mortality was 30.3% in group A and 60.0% in group B.The number of ventilator-free days were(10.88±8.84) d in group A and(8.40±10.86) d in group B.Although mortality was lower and number of ventilator-free days was greater in group A,no significant differences were found between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Lung protective ventilation may improve the outcome for pediatric patients with ARDS,however,larger trials are required before a definite conclusion can be reached.