大学生人格特质与父母教养方式的关系

目的 探讨大学生人格特征与父母教养方式的关系。方法 采用卡特尔16项人格因素量表和父母教养方式评价量表对502名大学生进行调查。结果 女生的乐群性、敏感性和忧虑性得分显著高于男生，而恃强性和怀疑性得分低于男生(P＜0.01)；城市学生的恃强性、兴奋性、敢为性和敏感性得分高于农村学生(P＜0.05)。稳定性、有恒性和敢为性与父母情感温暖理解呈显著正相关，与母亲拒绝否认、惩罚严厉呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)；忧虑性、紧张性与父母惩罚严厉、过度保护等因素呈显著正相关(P＜0.01)。父母情感温暖理解与否、过度保护与否等因子可以对学生人格特质进行预测。结论 积极的教养方式有利于子女健康人格的形成。父母教养方式对不同性别大学生人格的影响具有差异性。

Relationship between personality traits and parenting styles among university students

Objective To investigate the relationship between personality traits and parenting styles among university students. Methods 502 university students were surveyed using Cattell′s 16 Personality Factors (16PF) and Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU). Results Females scored significantly higher than males in warmth, sensitivity and apprehension, but lower in dominance and suspicion (P<0.01). Students from urban areas scored significantly higher than those from rural areas in dominance, excitability, social boldness and sensitivity (P<0.05). Students′ stability, persistence and social boldness correlated positively with positive parental emotions such as warmness and understanding, and negatively with negative parental behaviors such as heavy punishment and rejection (P<0.05). Students′ apprehension and tension positively correlated with heavy parental punishment and over-protectiveness (P<0.01). These parental emotions and behaviors can be used to predict students′ personality traits. Conclusions Positive parenting styles are beneficial to the formation of children′s health personality. There are some differences between males and females in personality traits as influenced by parenting styles.