扑热息痛和曲马朵用于尼日尔国小儿中小手术术后镇痛的临床观察

目的比较扑热息痛和曲马朵在小儿术后镇痛应用的效果及不良反应。方法在尼日尔国（Niger）选择全麻下中、小手术患儿90例,随机分为扑热息痛组（P组）、曲马朵组（T组）及对照组（C组）,术毕时分别静脉注射扑热息痛15 mg/kg、曲马朵2 mg/kg,对照组不给予安慰剂。于术后观察患儿的疼痛评分、镇静评分,以及不良反应。结果术后各个时点C组疼痛评分明显高于P组及T组（P〈0.01）,而P组疼痛评分又高于T组（P〈0.05）,T组镇静评分明显高于P组及C组（P〈0.05）;T组术后恶心、呕吐及嗜睡等发生率明显高于P组及C组（P〈0.05）。结论扑热息痛静脉给药用于小儿中、小手术的术后镇痛安全有效;不良反应发生率明显低于曲马朵。

Efficacy and safty of paracetamol and tramadol for postoperative pain control in Niger children

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of paraeetamol and tramadol for postoperative pain relief in Niger children. Methods Ninety children scheduled for selective small and medium-sized surgery under general anaesthesia were chosen and randomly divided into three groups, group P（paracetamol group） （n = 30） ;group T（tramadol group） （n =30） ;group C（control group）（n=30）. In group P the postoperative analgesia was induced by an intravenous injection of paracetamol 15 mg/kg at the and of the operation; In group T, tramadol 2 mg/kg at the end of the operation, and placebo was given in group C. The faces pain score and the sedation score were determined postoperatively, and as well as the incidence of adverse reactions. Results The analgesic effectiveness in group C was not good than that in group P and in group T（P〈0.01）, and so did in group P than that in group T（P〈0.01）, the sedation score and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in group T was significantly higher than that in group P and C （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Intravenous paracetamol is an effective, safe and simple method to control postoperative pain in children, the adverse reactions are significantly lower than tramadol.