兔胫骨火器伤骨缺损模型的建立

目的 建立新西兰大白兔胫骨火器伤骨缺损动物模型.方法 32只新西兰大白兔,利用多功能生物撞击机二级投射装置系统,根据钢珠质量和氮气压力值分为4组.激光测速仪测量弹丸速度并计算致伤能量,观察局部伤情,测量贯通伤出入口平均面积、空腔体积,并影像学评价骨缺损长度.统计各组伤情并分析变异系数（CV）,以评价模型伤情稳定性.结果 所有动物均造成后肢贯通伤并胫腓骨开放性粉碎骨折.D组致伤能量最大,B、C组次之,A组致伤能量最小.B、C组贯通伤伤道出、入口面积和伤道容积等局部伤情指标稳定性优于A、D 两组,骨缺损长度B组伤情稳定性优于其他3 组.最终确立用 4 mm 0.24 g钢珠、氮气气压1.4 MPa、钢珠弹丸速度（776.9±19.7）m/s,造成胫骨骨缺损（1.62±0.16）cm,动物在伤后清创抗感染治疗后可长期存活.结论 采用本方法模型制作简单,动物伤情稳定,可建立有效的兔胫骨火器伤骨缺损动物模型.

Establishment of firearm injury tibia bone defect model in rabbits

Objective To establish a firearm injury tibia bone detect animal model with New Zealand white rabbits. Methods The level two projection device system of multifunctional biological impactor was used in the experiment. Thirty two New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups according to the quality of steel ball and the launch speed controlled by the driving force of high-pressure nitrogen gas pressure. According to the projectile velocity, the energy of injury was calculated. I_~cal injuries were observed. The average area of the penetrating wound gateway and the cavity volume were measured. Radiographic evaluation was carried out for the bone defect length. Statistical analysis was made for the injuries in each group and the coefficient of variation（CV） in order to evaluate the injury stability of the mode and explore the optimal conditions for the establishment of rabbit bone defect model of firearm injury. Results The experiment results in penetrating wound in hindlimbs and open thrypsis in tibiofibulae among all the animals. Group D had the maximum injury energy, and the next was group B and C. Group A had the minimum injury energy. The stability of local injury status indexes such as the entrance and outlet areas and the volume of the wound track in group B and C was better than that in group A and D. The imageological detection indicated that there was no significant difference in the length of the bone defect among the groups. The stability of the injury status in group B was better than that in the other three groups. Eventually it was justified that the animals with tibial bone defects of（ 1.62 ± 0.16）cm caused by the conditions of 4 mm and 0.24 g steel ball, nitrogen pressure of 1.0 MPa, and the average speed of ball projectile （776.9 ± 19.7 ） m/s had long-term survival after debridement and anti-infective therapy. Conclusion The method has the advantages of simple operation and stable condition of animals, which can establish an effective rabbit tibia bone defect animal model of firearm injury.