针药并用从“肾主水”论治五液失常病症

现基于经典理论，剖析五液内涵与“肾主水”理论，总结历代医家诊治经验，探讨从“肾主水”论治五液失常病症。《黄帝内经》首先提出“肾主水”,后世医家不断继承与发展丰富，是现代中医基础理论脏象学说重要组成部分。五脏功能失调均可导致所主的五液摄纳失常，肾之液虽表现为“唾”,但因主持全身水液的输布和排泄，其余四脏之液的疏泄失常与肾脏的功能亦密切相关，如“多涕”病症可能与肺卫相关性不大，而以肾脏虚弱为主。基于经典理论和名家诊治经验，中医在整体观念的指导下，“五脏之五液”以肾水为根本，五液之间相互影响，不独主于本脏，牵一发而动全身，治疗以调护根本为主兼顾它脏，并提出针药并用治疗五液病症思路与方法，为临床治疗五液相关病症拓展辨证思路，启发辨证思维，有效指导临床实践。

Treatment of Five Fluid Disorders Based on “Kidney Governs Water” by Acupuncture and Medicine

Based on the classical theory，this paper analyzed the connotation of five fluids and the theory of “kidney governs water”，summarized the diagnosis and treatment experience of physicians in previous dynasties，and discussed the treatment of five fluid disorders from the perspective of “kidney governs water”.The Yellow Emperor''s Internal Canon first proposed that “kidney governs water”，which was inherited and developed by later generations of physicians.It is an important part of the visceral state theory，a basic theory of modern Chinese medicine.The dysfunction of the five zang organs can lead to the disorder of the ingestion and absorption of the corresponding five fluids.Although the fluid of the kidney is manifested as saliva，it is also closely related to the function of the kidney because it is responsible for the delivery and excretion of water throughout the body and the dispersion of the fluid of the other four zang organs.For example，the disorder of snot may not be closely related to lung health but is mainly due to kidney weakness.Based on the classic theory and the experience of famous physicians in diagnosis and treatment，doctors of traditional Chinese medicine found that the “five zang organs and five fluids” were dominated by kidney water under the guidance of the overall concept，and the five fluids interacted with each other，not only focusing on the original viscera but also affecting the whole body.The treatment should focus on regulating the root cause and giving consideration to other viscera，and the idea and method of treating five fluid disorders with acupuncture and medicine were put forward，so as to expand the dialectical thinking for clinical treatment of five fluid-related diseases，encourage the dialectical thinking，and effectively guide clinical practice.