毛花猕猴桃可培养内生真菌菌群结构、多样性及生物活性分析

目的 探讨毛花猕猴桃Actinidia eriantha可培养内生真菌的菌群结构、多样性、分布规律及其活性，为内生真菌资源利用提供依据。方法 对毛花猕猴桃3个部位（根、茎、叶）内生真菌进行分离、纯化与ITS分子鉴定，分析其菌群结构、多样性与分布规律；采用拟南芥共培养、病原菌平板对峙的方法，对内生真菌进行促生与病原菌拮抗活性筛选。结果 共分离得到2 446株内生真菌，分为156个形态型，ITS分子鉴定为49个分类单位，归属于真菌界3门5纲10目14科18属，其中子囊菌门真菌数量最多，占比94.89%；根、茎、叶共有菌30种，其中Trichoderma spirale是根的特有种，Bionectria ochroleuca是茎的特有种；Shannon-Wiener（H’）以茎多样性指数最高，Simpson指数（D）以叶多样性指数最高；筛选得到显著促拟南芥生长活性的内生真菌AE16，鉴定为Clonostachys sp.，其共生拟南芥鲜质量增长率为（37.13±10.35）%；具有显著抑菌活性的内生真菌11株（木霉属10株，白僵菌属1株），其中AE175（Trichodermasp.）抑制效果最好，相对抑菌率为（87.59±9.36）%。结论 畲药毛花猕猴桃内生真菌资源丰富，筛选得到的活性菌株为毛花猕猴桃内生真菌资源开发和利用提供依据。

Fungal community structure, diversity and biological activity of culturable endophytic fungi from Actinidia eriantha

Objective To investigate the fungal community structure, diversity, distribution and biological activity of culturable endophytic fungi of Actinidia eriantha, and to provide the basis for the utilization of endophytic fungi resources. Methods The endophytic fungi were isolated, purified, and identified from three parts of A. eriantha (roots, stems, and leaves), and their fungal community structure, diversity, and distribution were analyzed; the endophytic fungi were screened for growth promotion and antagonistic activities via A. thaliana co-cultured and plate standoff trials. Results A total of 2 446 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated and categorized into 156 morphotypes, which were molecularly identified to 49 taxonomic units using ITS amplification tools, belonging to three phyla, five classes, 10 orders, 14 families, and 18 genera of fungi, among which the Ascomycota accounted for 94.89%. The 30 species of fungi were common belonging to roots, stems and leaves, Trichoderma spirale was exclusive in roots; Bionectria ochroleuca was exclusive in stems. Stem had the highest Shannon-Wiener (H'') diversity index while leaf had the highest Simpson''s (D) diversity index. AE16 (identified as Clonostachys sp.) was found that it could significantly promote growth of A. thaliana, with a fresh weight growth rate of (37.13 ± 10.35)%. A total of eleven strains (10 strains of Trichoderma and 1 strain of Beauveria) were screened for significant bacterial inhibitory activity, among which AE175 (identified as Trichoderma sp.) had the best inhibitory effect with a relative inhibition rate of (87.59 ± 9.36)%. Conclusion A. eriantha had rich endophytic fungal resources, the active strains obtained by screening provided the basis for the development and utilization of endophytic fungi resources in A. eriantha.