间充质干细胞来源的外泌体对糖尿病视网膜病变的作用

外泌体是直径为40-100 nm的细胞外囊泡，其中含有蛋白质、miRNA等多种功能活性物质，并经由不同途径转运至细胞内。研究证实，外泌体能延缓糖尿病视网膜病变的病程进展，通过不同方式，包括直接调控和递送不同的miRNA、长链非编码RNA调控细胞增殖/凋亡因子、抗氧化调控因子、炎症因子、血管内皮生长因子等水平的变化，进而抑制高糖引起的视网膜炎症、新生血管形成、微血管损伤及血管渗漏等视网膜损伤。文章就外泌体的基本特征及其在糖尿病视网膜病变疾病中的研究进展进行系统综述。

Role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in diabetic retinopathy

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm, which contain a variety of functionally active substances such as proteins, microRNAs, and they are transported into the cell via different pathways. Studies have confirmed that exosomes slow down the progression of diabetic retinopathy by modifying changes in the levels of cell proliferation/apoptosis factors, antioxidant regulatory factors, inflammatory factors, and vascular endothelial growth factor in different ways, including direct regulation and delivery of different miRNAs, long-chained noncoding RNAs, which in turn inhibit high-glucose-induced retinal inflammation, neovascularization, microvascular damage, and vascular leakage and other retinal injuries caused by high glucose. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of exosomes and their research progress in diabetic retinopathy.