snoRNA在电离辐射诱导的DNA损伤中的作用及研究进展

核仁小RNA (small nucleolus RNA,snoRNA)是一类在真核生物中普遍存在的非编码RNA,根据其结构特征,可分为两大类:box C/D snoRNA和box H/ACA snoRNA,分别介导RNA 2''-O-甲基化和假尿嘧啶化修饰。近期研究发现,snoRNA还影响mRNA前体(pre-mRNA)的可变剪接,能够通过生成miRNA来介导基因沉默,并通过与蛋白质相互作用调节其功能活性。在电离辐射的生物效应中,DNA损伤与修复过程是至关重要的生物学基础。然而,目前关于snoRNA在电离辐射引起的DNA损伤中的作用的研究还相当有限。本综述旨在概述snoRNA的生物学功能及其在电离辐射诱导的DNA损伤修复中可能的调控角色,以期为探究snoRNA的功能及机制提供新思路。

Role and research progress of snoRNAs in ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), a type of non-coding RNAs ubiquitous in eukaryotes, can be categorized into two types based on structural characteristics: box C/D snoRNAs and box H/ACA snoRNAs, which mediate the RNA modification of 2''-O-methylation and pseudouridylation, respectively. Recent studies have found that snoRNAs also affect the alternative splicing of mRNA precursors (pre-mRNA), mediate gene silencing by generating miRNA, and interact with proteins to regulate their functional activity. The process of DNA damage and repair always serves as a pivotal biological basis in research on the biological effects of ionizing radiation. Currently, there are rather limited studies on the role of snoRNAs in ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. Thus, this paper reviews the biological functions of snoRNAs and their potential role in the regulatory repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage, with a view to providing new ideas for exploring the function and mechanism of snoRNAs.