《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版收录的中药材与中药制剂的系统分析

对2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》（以下简称《中国药典》）》收录的药材和饮片数量、药材与饮片基原物种数与入药部位、成方制剂和单方制剂的数量及组成进行统计和分析，结果载入网站（http://itcm.hzau.edu.cn/yd/zgyd.htm）供参考查询。分析显示：（1）《中国药典》（一部）共收录616种药材与饮片以及47种植物油脂与提取物。616种药材和饮片按其来源可分为植物类、动物类、矿物质类、微生物类、人工合成或配置原料类、人源制品、兼具动物与植物来源类等。47种植物油脂与提取物中，46 种为以植物来源制成的药材，剩余 1 种为动物来源，即水牛角浓缩粉。（2）616 种药材和饮片中，有421 种（占比 73.60%）药材源于单一的基原物种， 96种（占比 16.78%）药材具有 2种基原，40种（占比 6.99%）药材具有 3种基原，11种（占比1.92%）药材具有4种基原，2种（占比0.35%）药材具有5种基原，2种（占比0.35%）药材具有6种基原。47种植物油脂与提取物中，有 34种具有单一基原，基原数为 2和 3的植物油脂与提取物各有 5种。（3）《中国药典》（一部）共收录1 605种成方和单方制剂。除未公布组成的云南白药和云南白药胶囊外，其余1 603种复方制剂和单方制剂一共涉及14 329种药材。2020年版《中国药典》成方和单方制剂使用频次最多的前20种药材为甘草、当归、茯苓、川芎、黄芩、白芍、黄芪、陈皮、地黄、白术、丹参、冰片、桔梗、大黄、熟地黄、木香、红花、麦冬、党参以及白芷。结果提示2020年版 《中国药典》 亦存在药材饮片与处方药材不完全对应、炮制品收录不完整等问题。通过系统分析 《中国药典》 收录中药材的总体信息及其与处方间的相互关系，可为进一步研究中药材生产与完善处方药材的记录提供参考。

Systematic Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials andChinese Medicinal Preparations Included in ChinesePharmacopoeia of the 2020 Edition

Statistical analysis was conducted on the quantity of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine，the species types and medicinal parts of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine，and the quantity and composition of Chinese patent medicines and single-herb preparations in Chinese Pharmacopoeia of the 2020 edition. The statistical results are available on the web site （http://itcm.hzau.edu.cn/yd/zgyd.htm） for reference. The analysis results showed that：（1）Chinese Pharmacopoeia （Part I） contained a total of 616 kinds of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine and 47 kinds of plant oils and extracts. The 616 kinds of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine originated from plants，animals，minerals，microorganisms，artificial or synthetic raw materials，human-sourced products，and products having the origin of both animal and plants. Of the 47 kinds of plant oils and extracts，46 were made from plant sources，and the remaining one，i.e.Cornu Bubali concentrated powder， was made from the animal sources.（2）A total of 421（73.60%） from the 616 kinds of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine originated from the single species，96（16.78%）originated from 2 kinds of species，40（6.99%） originated from 3 kinds of species，11（1.92%） originated from 4 kinds of species， 2（0.35%） originated from 5 kinds of species， and 2（0.35%） originated from 6 kinds of species. Of the 47 kinds of plant oils and extracts，34 originated from the single species，5 originated from 2 kinds of species and 5 originated from 3 kinds of species.（3）The Chinese Pharmacopoeia （Part I） contained a total of 1 605 Chinese patent medicines and single-herb preparations. Except that the composition of Yunnan BaiyaoPowder and Yunnan Baiyao Capsules was not issued，the remaining 1 603 types of Chinese patent medicines and single-herb preparations involved a total of 14 329 kinds of medicinal materials. The Chinese medicines with the leading 20 frequency used in the Chinese patent medicines and single-herb preparations recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2020 edition were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Poria，Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Scutellariae Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Astragali Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，Rehmanniae Radix，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，Borneolum Syntheticum， Platycodonis Radix， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， Rehmanniae Radix Preparata，Aucklandiae Radix， Carthami Flos， Ophiopogonis Radix， Codonopsis Radix and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix.The results suggest that there were still problems existing in Chinese Pharmacopoeia of the 2020 edition， i. e.，some of the drugs of Chinese patent medicines were not listed in the Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine，and some of the prepared drugs of Chinese patent medicines were not listed in the Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine，either. The systemic analysis of the general information of Chinese medicinal materials as well as their correlation with Chinese patent medicines in Chinese Pharmacopoeia will provide a reference for further research on the production of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine and the complete list of drugs in Chinese patent medicines.