Cancer stem cells in breast cancer and metastasis |
| |
Authors: | Jessica C. Lawson Gregory L. Blatch Adrienne L. Edkins |
| |
Affiliation: | (1) Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, P. O. Box 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway;(2) The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;(3) Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;(4) Department of Oncology-3, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China;(5) Department of Endocrine Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway;(6) Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany |
| |
Abstract: | Independent studies have shown that in node negative breast cancer patients less than 71 years, the proliferation marker mitotic activity index (MAI) is the strongest, most well reproducible prognosticator and chemotherapy success predictor. The MAI overshadows the prognostic value of tubule formation, nuclear atypia and thereby grade. An often used crude mitotic impression is much less prognostic than the MAI; strict adherence to the MAI protocol is therefore important. The prognostic value of the MAI is age dependent: although patients with a MAI ≥ 10 always have a poor prognosis irrespective of age, a low MAI (<10) loses its favourable prognostic association in women >70 years. PPH3 counts are prognostically stronger than the MAI, and markers such as Cyclin-B and E2FR are promising, but must be validated. Compared with commercial prognostic gene expression signatures, the MAI is at least as strong prognostically, has far fewer false positive results and as such should be included as an independent feature in any node negative breast cancer pathology report. |
| |
Keywords: | Breast cancer Proliferation Mitotic activity index Prognosis Error sources Molecular markers |
本文献已被 PubMed SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|