用于老年基础医学研究与临床辅助诊断的神经肽Y及其受体Y1-6检测方法的初步设想

神经肽Y（NPY）作为机体内一种主要的神经递质和能量调控因子,广泛参与机体各种生理功能的调节,是维持机体内环境稳态的重要物质之一。随着对其研究的不断深入,人们发现它可通过与特定靶细胞膜上不同NPY受体Y1-6的特异性结合而启动并激活相应细胞信号传导通路,从而参与对机体生理功能和靶细胞增殖分化的调控,且NPY及其受体在体内的表达水平又可影响机体的正常生理功能、细胞代谢活动、以及这种改变所诱导或促进或参与的某些老年性疾病的发生、发展及转归,并对相关药物的防治带来明显影响。因此,对NPY及其受体含量的检测项目已成为相关老年性疾病与合并症的发病机制分析、疾病进程观察、治疗效果评价、疾病痊愈判断及预后跟踪随访的重要辅助诊断指标之一。为此,本文通过对可用于老年基础医学研究与临床辅助诊断的NPY及其受体检测的酶联免疫吸附法、放射免疫测定法、荧光免疫检测法、化学发光免疫分析法、免疫组织化学法、压电石英晶片免疫传感器法、免疫印迹法、斑点免疫层析及胶体金法、受体放射配基结合分析法、放射自显影法、液体芯片技术、微粒子酶免分析法等进行NPY及其受体检测方法的综述,并提出前瞻性设想和设计,希望这些用于检测NPY及其受体指标的方法能为未来老年医学的研究和临床应用奠定基础。

A Preliminary Design of Detecting NPY and its Receptors Y1-6 Used in Basic Medical Research and Clinical Diagnosis in Geriatrics

NPY, a major neurotransmitter and energy regulatory factor, is widely involved in the regulation of various physiological functions of the body, thus it plays an important role in maintaining a steady internal environment. By specifically interacting with different kinds of receptors （Y1-6 ） in specific target cell membrane, NPY can activate certain signaling pathways. In that way, it is involved in the regulation of physiological functions and dift~rentiation of target cells. In addition, the expression of NPY and its receptors in the body can also affect the normal physiological functions of the body, cell metabolism, or the occurrence, development and progno- sis of aging - associated diseases that are induced or promoted by their changes. Therefore, the detection of NPY and its receptors has become an important measure in the analyses of senile diseases and complications in terms of pathogenesis, observation of the develop- ment of the diseases, evaluation of treatment, estimation of cure and prognosis. The article has proposed a new method of detecting NPY and its receptors after reviewing previous researches in the methods of their detection used in preclinical studies and clinical diagnosis of ageing- related diseases, such as enzyme -linked immunosorbeut assay, radioimmunoassay, fluorescence immunoassay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, immunohistochemistry, piezoelectric quartz crystal immunosensor method, Western blot, dot and colloidal gold immunochromatography, receptor radioligand binding assay, autoradiography, liquid - chip technology and microparticle enzyme immunoassay. The proposed new method in the detection of NPY and its receptors may lay the foundation for future studies and clinic application in geriatrics.