西安市幼儿手精细动作发育状况

目的研究西安市3～6岁幼儿手部精细动作发育状况,为幼儿教育和智力开发提供依据.方法采用韦克斯勒儿童智力量表(WPPSI)中的"几何图形"题和丹佛儿童智力筛查量表(DDST)中的"夹花生米、打活结"题对238名幼儿进行手画、手指协调、握笔姿势动作发育调查.绪果手精细动作发育水平随年龄增加而提高;3～4.5岁发育速度最快,此后速度虽有降低但仍然很快.握笔姿势动作发育是由不成熟姿势向成熟(正确)握笔姿势发展的过程,5.2岁有50%能掌握拇指、食指、中指3指末节握笔的正确姿势,6.2岁90%能掌握正确的握笔姿势.影响因素是参加有利于手部动作发育的各种培训班、父亲的职业、子女个数等.结论3～6岁是手精细动作发育的关键时期,在手精细动作发育达到一定程度时才能掌握正确的握笔姿势,过早教幼儿握笔写字有可能养成不正确的握笔姿势.

Survey on the Development of Fine Movements of Children''''s Hands

Objective To study the regular pattern of fine movements development of the hands among children aged 3 - 6, to provide basis for the exploitation of children's intelligence and education.Methods The "graphic questions" in the WPPSI and "picking peanut, making knots" questions in the DDST were used to survey the hands development level among 238 children in terms of hand drawing, finger coordination and pen holding gesture. Results The development level increased with children's age. The fastest development of hands' fine movement was acquired between the age of 3 - 4.5 and the fast development was kept after that. The development of pen holding gesture was a process of evolvement from several immature gestures to mature and correct ones. Among the children aged 5.2, 50.0% could correctly hold the pen with tips of thumb, forefinger and middle finger; among the children aged 6.2 the percentage raised to 90.0% . The influential factors included attending training classes on fostering hands movement, father s occupation and the number of children in the family. Conclusion Age of 3 - 6 is the crucial period of the hands' fine movement development. Correct pen holding gesture can only be obtained when the development of hands' fine movement evolved to a certain level. So, teaching children to hold pen and write too early may lead to the incorrect pen holding gestures.