严重骨盆骨折合并毗邻脏器损伤的救治

目的探讨严重骨盆骨折合并毗邻脏器损伤的急诊处理方法。方法对14年中收治的79例严重骨盆骨折合并毗邻脏器损伤患者的资料做回顾性分析。结果骨盆大出血行髂内动脉结扎术33例、栓塞术8例;膀胱造口和后期尿道重建35例、尿道会师术7例;腹膜外直肠伤做结肠造口并骶前引流13例、一期修补4例;腹膜内结直肠伤一期手术19例、结肠造口3例。死亡率9％(7／79),主要死于休克和合并伤。共发生并发症7例：直肠膀胱瘘4例、右髂总动脉血栓形成1例、胸伤后急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)1例、截瘫1例,除截瘫均治愈。结论迅速准确的诊断治疗是成功的关键。髂内动脉断血术配合骨盆外固定支架的使用、膀胱造口和乙状结肠近端造口,是危重患者急诊治疗时常采用的有效方法。

Management of severe pelvic fracture associated with injuries of viscera

Objective To probe the approach of emergency management for severe pelvic fracture associated with injuries of adjacent viscera and evaluate the therapeutic effect. Methods The data of 79 patients with severe pelvic fracture associated with injuries of adjacent viscera were retrospectively studied, and the study covered a period of 14 years. Results Ligation of internal iliac arteries was performed in 33 cases for ceasing massive bleeding due to pelvic fracture, and angioembolization in 8. Of 42 patients with cystic or/and urethral injury, 35 underwent cystostomy and delayed reconstruction, and 7 received a primary realignment. All of 17 patients with injury of retroperitoneal rectum underwent diverting colostomy of the proximal end of sigmoid with presacral drainage, but 4 received primary repair without colostomy. In 22 patients with intraperitoneal colorectal injury, 19 were managed with primary repair or anastomosis while 3 received a colostomy. The overall mortality rate was 9%(7/79); The main causes were hemorrhagic shock and associated injury. The complications included urethro-rectal fistula in 4, thrombosis of right common iliac artery in 1, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following chest trauma in 1, and paraplegia in 1. Except the patient with paraplegia, all of them were cured. Conclusions Prompt diagnosis and proper treatment were the key of the success. Devascularization of internal iliac arteries with external fixation cage of pelvis, cystostomy and proximal sigmoidostomy were effective procedures frequently used in the emergency treatment of the severe pelvic fracture patients.