Topographic distribution of efferent fibers originating from homotopic or heterotopic transplants: heterotopically transplanted neurons retain some of the developmental characteristics corresponding to their site of origin期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

Topographic distribution of efferent fibers originating from homotopic or heterotopic transplants: heterotopically transplanted neurons retain some of the developmental characteristics corresponding to their site of origin

Affiliation:	1. Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;2. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;3. Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;4. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;5. The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA;6. Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;7. Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;8. Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;9. McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;1. Department of Paediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2A 5L9 Canada;2. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;3. The Breathing Institute and Pulmonary Medicine Section, Children''s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA;1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;2. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;3. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;1. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California;2. Imaging Genetics and Neuroinformatics Lab, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia;3. Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia;4. Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California;5. Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California;6. Center for Translational Imaging and Precision Medicine, San Diego, California;7. Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California;8. Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California;9. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California;10. Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California;11. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;12. Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut;13. Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;14. Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico;15. Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;16. Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota;17. Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;18. Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;19. Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;20. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;21. Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;22. Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;23. Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California;24. San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California;25. Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;26. Advanced Biomedical Informatics Group, LLC, Iowa City, Iowa;27. Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Charlestown, Massachusetts;28. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts;29. Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;30. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;31. Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;32. Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;33. Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;34. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois;35. Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois;36. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois;37. Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;38. Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;39. Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;40. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;41. Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;42. Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;43. School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;44. Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;45. School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;46. School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;47. Priority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;48. Grow Up Well, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;49. Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;50. Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;51. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia;52. School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia;53. Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;54. Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;55. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;56. Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;57. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia;58. Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;59. Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;60. Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;61. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;62. Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Rijks Universiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;63. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Rijks Universiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;64. Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;65. Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands;66. Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan;67. Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan;68. Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan;69. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;70. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;71. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;72. Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;73. Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway;74. Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;75. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;76. Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden;77. Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany;78. Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany;79. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;80. Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany;81. Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany;82. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain;83. Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain;84. Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain;85. Fundación para la Investigación y Docencia Maria Angustias Giménez (FIDMAG) Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain;86. Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain;87. Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering (NCBES) Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland;88. School of Psychology, and Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland;89. Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland;90. Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China;91. Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China;92. Zhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan Province, Zhumadian, China;93. Luoyang Fifth People’s Hospital, Henan Province, Luoyang, China;94. Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy;95. Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Rome, Italy;96. Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, and Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;97. Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy;98. Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;99. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada;100. Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom;101. Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom;102. National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;103. Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom;104. Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;105. Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;106. Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;107. University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland;108. Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;109. Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;110. Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;111. Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;112. Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia;113. Children’s Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russia;114. Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Laboratórios de Investigação Médica 21, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;115. National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic;116. MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic;117. Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;118. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;119. Department of Psychiatry, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;120. Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;121. Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;122. Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia;1. Buck Institute, Novato, CA 94945, USA;2. NxCell Science, Novato, CA 94947, USA;3. XCell Science, Novato, CA 94947, USA

Abstract:	The present study was undertaken to determine whether the topographical distribution of cortical efferents is exclusively dependent on environmental cues or is also controlled by intrinsic factors. For that purpose, we used a sensitive tract tracing method (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin) to compare the pattern of efferent fibers of homotopic and heterotopic transplants of embryonic (E16) neocortex. Our findings indicate that transplants of embryonic sensorimotor cortex placed homotopically in the sensorimotor cortex of newborn rats distribute a set of efferent projections not fundamentally different from that of normal sensorimotor cortex. The pattern of efferents arising from transplants of embryonic occipital cortex heterotopically placed in the sensorimotor cortex of newborns is strikingly different. Heterotopically transplanted neurons: (i) only rarely contact normal targets of the motor cortex; (ii) systematically project towards normal targets of the visual cortex (primary and secondary visual cortical areas, dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei, lateral dorsal and lateral posterior thalamic nuclei, anterior pretectal nucleus and superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus); (iii) distribute fibers to structures normally receiving fibers from both motor and visual cortices (caudate-putamen, pontine nuclei), either exclusively into the visual cortico-recipient zone of the structure or into both visual and motor cortico-recipient zones. Taken together, these results seem to indicate that the heterotopically transplanted cells have retained certain anatomical characteristics of their locus of origin.

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