母乳喂养与非母乳喂养学龄前儿童的健康状况比较研究

目的 通过母乳喂养与非母乳喂养3~6岁学龄前儿童的智力、体格发育状况的调查，了解母乳喂养对小儿生长发育的重要性。方法 在本地区城镇公立幼儿园抽取母乳喂养（观察组）与非母乳喂养（对照组）3~6岁儿童各50例，采用《0~6岁小儿神经心理发育检查表》分析发育正常、肥胖、瘦小、生长迟缓Z评分比较分析两组儿童智力、身体体格发育的情况。结果 观察组学龄前儿童智力发育评分的大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言、社交行为评分分别为（1.82±0.14）分、（1.71±0.25）分、（1.68±0.33）分、（1.85±0.15）分、（1.62±0.27）分，高于对照组的（1.68±0.12）分、（1.42±0.26）分、（1.27±0.31）分、（1.25±0.22）分、（1.41±0.28）分，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组儿童年龄别体重（WAZ）、身高别体重（WHZ）的评分为（1.18±0.67）分、（1.26±0.58）分，低于对照组的（1.84±0.12）分、（1.86±0.14）分，年龄别身高（HAZ）评分为（1.89±0.10）分，高于对照组的（1.10±0.64）分，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组儿童发育正常比例高于对照组（88.00% vs 40.00%），消瘦、超重、肥胖比例低于对照组（4.00% vs 20.00%，6.00% vs 24.00%，2.00% vs 16.00%），差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 母乳因为含有婴幼儿生长发育所需的各种均衡营养物质、抗体与免疫球蛋白，母乳喂养3~6岁儿童智力与生长发育指数均比非母乳喂养的好，母乳喂养有助于提高婴幼儿未来的健康状况。

Comparative Study on the Health Status of Breastfeeding and Non-breast Feeding Preschool Children

Objective To investigate the importance of breastfeeding for the growth and development of children through breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding surveys of preschool children aged 3-6 years. Methods 50 cases of breastfeeding (observation group) and non-breastfeeding (control group) children aged 3-6 years were collected from urban public kindergartens in the region.Using the "0-6 years old children's neuropsychological development checklist" to analyze the normal development, obesity, skinny, growth retardation Z scores to compare the intelligence and physical development of the two groups of children. Results The scores of large exercise, fine movement, adaptability, language and social behavior of the preschool children's mental development scores were (1.82±0.14), (1.71±0.25), (1.68±0.33), and (1.85±0.15) points, (1.62±0.27) points, higher than the control group (1.68±0.12) points, (1.42±0.26) points, (1.27±0.31) points, (1.25±0.22) points, (1.41±0.28) points,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of age-specific body weight (WAZ) and height-to-weight (WHZ) of the observation group were (1.18±0.67) points and (1.26±0.58) points, which were lower than those of the control group (1.84±0.12) points and (1.86±0.14). The age-specific height (HAZ) score was (1.89±0.10), which was higher than that of the control group (1.10±0.64),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The normal proportion of children in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (88.00% vs 40.00%), and the proportion of weight loss, overweight and obesity was lower than that of the control group (4.00% vs 20.00%, 6.00% vs 24.00%, 2.00% vs 16.00%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Breast milk contains a variety of balanced nutrients, antibodies and immunoglobulins for infants and young children. The intelligence and growth index of breastfed children aged 3-6 years are better than those of non-breastfeeding. Breastfeeding helps to improve infants.The future health of young children.