首发缓解期精神分裂症患者日常生活模式的调查

目的 通过探讨首发缓解期精神分裂症患者的日常生活模式，分析主动活动在促进患者认知水平、社会功能上的积极作用，旨为医护人员在临床护理工作中提供参考。方法 选取2015年8月~2017年8月江苏省扬州五台山医院门诊或住院的首发缓解期精神分裂症患者68例作为患者组，选取同期该院职工及其家属50例作为对照组。采用日常生活模式量表（DRM）评定日常生活行为，连线测验（TMT）评估认知功能，社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）评估患者的社会功能，阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）对患者精神症状进行评定。结果 患者组从事工作的人数少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。患者组PANSS阳性症状得分为（9.54±4.73）分，阴性症状分数为（12.49±5.47）分，一般精神病理分数为（18.22±5.21）分，总分为（40.25±4.36）分；氯丙嗪当量为（396.53±169.62）mg/d，SDSS评分为（6.57±1.67）分。患者组DRM主动活动次数和时间均少于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。患者组花费在主动活动上的时间与社会功能存在相关性（r=-0.348，P＜0.05），并且患者主动活动的次数和认知功能TMT-A（r=-0.302，P＜0.05）和TMT-B（r=-0.251，P＜0.05）密切相关。结论 首发缓解期精神分裂症患者主动活动次数和时间减少，并且社会功能越差的患者消耗在主动活动上的时间越少。

Investigation on the Daily Life Pattern of Patients with Schizophrenia in the First Remission Period

Objective To explore the positive effects of active activities on the cognitive level and social function of patients with schizophrenia in the first remission period, and to provide reference for medical staff in clinical nursing work. Methods From August 2015 to August 2017, 68 patients with first-time remission schizophrenia in the outpatient or inpatient hospital of Wutaishan Hospital in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province were selected as the patient group. 50 patients in the same period and their family members were selected as the control group. Daily life patterns (DRM) were used to assess behaviors of daily life,the Connectivity Test (TMT) assesses cognitive function, the Social Function Deficit Scale (SDSS) assesses the patient's social function, and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) assesses the patient's psychiatric symptoms. Results The number of patients in the patient group was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The PANSS positive symptom score in the patient group was (9.54±4.73), the negative symptom score was (12.49±5.47), the general psychopathological score was (18.22±5.21), and the total score was (40.25±4.36). The chlorpromazine equivalent was (396.53±169.62) mg/d, and the SDSS score was (6.57±1.67) points. The number and duration of DRM active activities in the patient group were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a correlation between the time spent on active activities and social function in the patient group (r=-0.348, P<0.05), and the number of active activities and cognitive function TMT-A (r=-0.302, P<0.05) and TMT-B (r=-0.251, P<0.05) is closely related. Conclusion The number and duration of active activities in patients with schizophrenia during the first remission period are reduced, and the patients with worse social function spend less time on active activities.