糖尿病周围神经病变临床诊断的研究进展

糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一，患者可出现肢体的麻木、疼痛及感觉异常，其中以远端对称性多发性周围神经病变（DSPN）最为多见。目前DPN的筛查方式多样，其中五项筛查、单丝和音叉检查是临床常用的初筛方式，各类量表可为DPN作等级评估，神经传导速度（NCV）是目前公认的诊断金标准。此外，高频超声、角膜共聚焦显微镜、磁共振神经成像等新兴检查方法优势逐步显露。由于DPN是炎症、氧化应激、免疫损伤等多种因素共同作用的结果，因此医师们也在积极探索相关血清学指标，以求为DPN的早期诊断提供更多临床依据。

Progress in Clinical Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. Patients may have numbness, pain and paresthesia of the limbs. Among them, distal symmetry multiple peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) is the most common. At present, DPN screening methods are diverse. Five screening, monofilament and tuning fork examinations are commonly used in clinical screening methods. Various scales can be used for grade assessment of DPN, and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is currently recognized as a diagnostic gold. standard. In addition, the advantages of emerging inspection methods such as high-frequency ultrasound, corneal confocal microscopy, and magnetic resonance neurography have gradually emerged. Because DPN is the result of a combination of factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune damage, physicians are also actively exploring relevant serological indicators to provide more clinical evidence for early diagnosis of DPN.